🏥- Reproduction Test Flashcards
PSA and DRE
Prostate-specific antigen: protein produced by the prostate gland and maybe considered a tumor marker
Digital rectal examination: enlarged prostate can be palpated on examination
Clinical manifestations of BPH
- difficulty starting urine flow
- weak stream
- multiple interruptions during stream
- post void dribbling
- feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
- nocturia
Alpha adrenergic blockers
Tamsulosin (flomax)
Relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate
Adverse effects of alpha blockers
Headache Nasal congestion Dizziness Drowsiness Orthostatic hypotension Retrograde ejaculation
5-alpha reductase inhibitor
Finasteride (proscar)
Prevents testosterone from being converted to DHT , which causes the prostate tissue to shrink
Oxybutynin
An anticholenergic used by the patient with BPH experiencing an over active bladder , to relax bladder smooth muscle
Transurethral resection of the prostate TURP
A small cutting tool is used to remove the entire inner prostate
Transurethral incision of prostate TUIP
Two small incisions into the prostate, relieves compression of the urethra and opens up the channel
Results in easier passage of urine
Transurethral microwave therapy
An electrode produces microwave energy that heats the in er portion of the prostate , destroying the tissue and causing the gland to shrink
Used for small prostates
Transurethral needle ablation TUNA
Needles placed into the prostate and radio waves are passed through them to heat and destroy prostrate tissue
Used if there is a concern about excess bleeding
Prostate cancer tumors
Tend to grow on the periphery of the prostate gland which doesn’t obstruct the flow of urine
Brachytherapy
Radioactive seeds or pellets are placed in the prostate
Abstain from sex for 2 weeks and then wear a condom to protect partner from radiation exposure
Ablative hormone therapy
Suppression of testosterone
Testosterone is an androgen, and andgrogens promote the growth of tumors
Risk factors for prostate cancer development
- African American
- age 55 or older
- family history
- diet low in fruits and vegetables
- increased multivitamin use
- increased calcium consumption
Prostate cancer prevention includes increased consumption of which types of foods
Foods that contain selenium such as oysters, tuna, whole wheat bread or sunflower seeds
Most common causes of ED
- cardiovascular disease
- smoking
- obesity
- stroke
- spinal cord injury
- disease of the neurological system
- diabetes
- liver disease
- kidney disease
- low testosterone
- prostate/rectal surgery
- peyronies disease
- adverse effects of medication
- psychological issues
PDE-5 inhibitors
Allows cgmp to work stimulating erection
Silenafil (viagra) vardenafil (levitra) tadalafil (cialis)
Pde-5 inhibitors should be used with caution with which meds and why
Nitrates for cardiac issues or alpha blockers for BPH
Medicated ureteral system for erection
Aprostadil pellets placed in the urethra , massage 🍆 for 10mins to absorb the medicine
Aprostadil is a prostaglandin E1 , which causes increased blood flow to the penis via vasodilation
Risk factors for testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism (undescended testicles)
Infertility
Smoking
Seminoma
Slow growing testicular cancer that usually occurs between 30-40
Non-seminoma
Rapidly growing testicular cancer found in men from teens to 40
Clinical manifestations of testicular cancer
Pain, swelling, hardness/heaviness/fullness feeling of scrotum
Gynecomastia
Breast enlargement associated with metastasis of testicular cancer
Nonseminomas aren’t responsive to which type of treatment
Radiation
Torsion
Twisted spermatic cord
Hydrocele
Fluid filled sac around a testicle
Spermatocele
Sperm containing cyst that develops on the epididymis alongside the testicle
Varicocele
Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum
Bag of worms
Phimosis
Tight foreskin can’t be pulled back over the head of the penis
Paraphimosis
Foreskin doesn’t return to normal position, constructing the glans causing swelling and impeding blood flow
