πŸ₯- Reproduction Test Flashcards

0
Q

PSA and DRE

A

Prostate-specific antigen: protein produced by the prostate gland and maybe considered a tumor marker

Digital rectal examination: enlarged prostate can be palpated on examination

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1
Q

Clinical manifestations of BPH

A
  • difficulty starting urine flow
  • weak stream
  • multiple interruptions during stream
  • post void dribbling
  • feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
  • nocturia
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2
Q

Alpha adrenergic blockers

A

Tamsulosin (flomax)

Relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate

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3
Q

Adverse effects of alpha blockers

A
Headache 
Nasal congestion 
Dizziness 
Drowsiness 
Orthostatic hypotension 
Retrograde ejaculation
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4
Q

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

A

Finasteride (proscar)

Prevents testosterone from being converted to DHT , which causes the prostate tissue to shrink

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5
Q

Oxybutynin

A

An anticholenergic used by the patient with BPH experiencing an over active bladder , to relax bladder smooth muscle

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6
Q

Transurethral resection of the prostate TURP

A

A small cutting tool is used to remove the entire inner prostate

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7
Q

Transurethral incision of prostate TUIP

A

Two small incisions into the prostate, relieves compression of the urethra and opens up the channel

Results in easier passage of urine

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8
Q

Transurethral microwave therapy

A

An electrode produces microwave energy that heats the in er portion of the prostate , destroying the tissue and causing the gland to shrink

Used for small prostates

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9
Q

Transurethral needle ablation TUNA

A

Needles placed into the prostate and radio waves are passed through them to heat and destroy prostrate tissue

Used if there is a concern about excess bleeding

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10
Q

Prostate cancer tumors

A

Tend to grow on the periphery of the prostate gland which doesn’t obstruct the flow of urine

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11
Q

Brachytherapy

A

Radioactive seeds or pellets are placed in the prostate

Abstain from sex for 2 weeks and then wear a condom to protect partner from radiation exposure

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12
Q

Ablative hormone therapy

A

Suppression of testosterone

Testosterone is an androgen, and andgrogens promote the growth of tumors

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13
Q

Risk factors for prostate cancer development

A
  • African American
  • age 55 or older
  • family history
  • diet low in fruits and vegetables
  • increased multivitamin use
  • increased calcium consumption
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14
Q

Prostate cancer prevention includes increased consumption of which types of foods

A

Foods that contain selenium such as oysters, tuna, whole wheat bread or sunflower seeds

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15
Q

Most common causes of ED

A
  • cardiovascular disease
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • stroke
  • spinal cord injury
  • disease of the neurological system
  • diabetes
  • liver disease
  • kidney disease
  • low testosterone
  • prostate/rectal surgery
  • peyronies disease
  • adverse effects of medication
  • psychological issues
16
Q

PDE-5 inhibitors

A

Allows cgmp to work stimulating erection

Silenafil (viagra) vardenafil (levitra) tadalafil (cialis)

17
Q

Pde-5 inhibitors should be used with caution with which meds and why

A

Nitrates for cardiac issues or alpha blockers for BPH

18
Q

Medicated ureteral system for erection

A

Aprostadil pellets placed in the urethra , massage πŸ† for 10mins to absorb the medicine

Aprostadil is a prostaglandin E1 , which causes increased blood flow to the penis via vasodilation

19
Q

Risk factors for testicular cancer

A

Cryptorchidism (undescended testicles)
Infertility
Smoking

20
Q

Seminoma

A

Slow growing testicular cancer that usually occurs between 30-40

21
Q

Non-seminoma

A

Rapidly growing testicular cancer found in men from teens to 40

22
Q

Clinical manifestations of testicular cancer

A

Pain, swelling, hardness/heaviness/fullness feeling of scrotum

23
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Breast enlargement associated with metastasis of testicular cancer

24
Nonseminomas aren't responsive to which type of treatment
Radiation
25
Torsion
Twisted spermatic cord
26
Hydrocele
Fluid filled sac around a testicle
27
Spermatocele
Sperm containing cyst that develops on the epididymis alongside the testicle
28
Varicocele
Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum Bag of worms
29
Phimosis
Tight foreskin can't be pulled back over the head of the penis
30
Paraphimosis
Foreskin doesn't return to normal position, constructing the glans causing swelling and impeding blood flow