🤰🏾- Chapter 34 Flashcards
Fibroadenoma
Firm freely mobile nodules that don’t change during the menstrual cycle
Present in adolescence, 20s & 30s
Gynecomastia
Causes
Breast enlargement
Benign in men
Causes- Drugs, underlying disease, aging, obesity, hormonal
Ductal ectasia
Occurs as women approach menopause
Caused by dilation and thickening of collecting ducts
Thick , cheesy discharge
Intraductal papilloma
Occurs during menopause (40-55yrs)
Wart-like growth of tissue
Management: rule out breast cancer with examine discharge
Fibrocystic breast condition
Symptomatic management
Fibrosis of breast tissue which fork into cysts at later dates
Common in premenopausal (20-50yrs)
Smooth, tender/painful and moveable pain felt in premenstrual phase
Symptomatic management- pain relief, diet (limit salt), supportive bra, surgery
NoninVasive vs invasive breast cancer
Types
NoninVasive- stays in one location (ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular carcinoma in situ)
Invasive- travel and spreads to other tissue (“infiltrating” ductal carcinoma, inflammatory breast cancer)
5 types of surgical management of breast cancer
1 axillary lymph node dissection- removing most of the lymph nodes in an area
2 sentinel lymph node biopsy - “red flag”, remove a few key lymph nodes to evaluate cancer spread
3 breast-conserving surgery- lumpectomy or partial mastectomy
4 total (simple) mastectomy- removal of entire breast
5 modified radical mastectomy- removal of breast tissue, axillary nodes and some chest muscle
Breast reconstruction
Tissue expansion, tissue flap
Tissue expansion- uses an empty silicone prosthesis filled with saline to slowly expand the tissue
Tissue flap-moves tissue from the back, abdomen or butt to create a breast mound
Cardio vascular disease in women
Vague symptoms, risk factors, prevention
Symptoms- fatigue, weakness, n/v
Risk factors- smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, DM, obesity, over 60
Prevention- ⬇️ sodium intake, aspirin 81mg, activity
Amenorrhea
Primary- failure to begin menses by age 16
Secondary- cessation of menses for 6 months or more, or 3 missed normal cycles. Caused by PCOS, pregnancy
Menorrhagia vs metrorrhagia
Menorrhagia- REGULAR bleeding large in amount or last over 7 days
Metrorrhagia- IRREGULAR bleeding large in amount or last over 7 days
Cyclic pelvic pain
Mittlelschmerz, primary dismenorrhea, endometriosis
Mittelschmerz- “middle pain” before or during time of ovulation, when follicle is being released
Primary dysmenorrhea- painful menstruation
Endometriosis- tissue resembling endometrium outside uterine cavity
Estrogen replacement therapy vs hormone replacement therapy
Estrogen replacement therapy- given to women who have had a hysterectomy because uterine hyperplasia is not a risk
Hormone replacement therapy- estrogen and progesterone were given to women with a uterus. The combination prevents uterine hyperplasia
3 types of vaginal wall prolapse
Cystocele- bladder bulges into the vagina (causes incontinence)
Rectocele- rectum bulges into the vagina (causes constipation and difficult pooping)
Enterocele- loop of bowel herniates between the rectum and uterus (causes women to feel full)
Symptoms of uterine prolapse
Pelvic fullness, pressure, low back ache, urinary incontinence, dyspareunia, backache
Causes bowel and bladder problems
