Antibiotics List Flashcards
Cephalosporins
MOA: inhibition of cell wall (beta-lactam drugs = inhibit peptide crosslinkages)
SOA: 1st generation mainly gram +
2nd generation gram - (especially enterics) and gram +
3rd generation more gram - (even pseudomonas) and more gram +
Penicillin
MOA: inhibition of cell wall (beta-lactam drugs = inhibit peptide crosslinkages)
SOA: narrow spectrum: usually against gram + bacteria
Toxicity: development of resistant strains: produce beta-lactamase enzyme allergic reaction in some patients
Carbapenams
MOA: inhibition of cell wall (beta-lactam drugs = inhibit peptide crosslinkages)
SOA: broad spectrum
Bacitracin
MOA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis (non-beta lactam drugs)
SOA: narrow spectrum gram positives
Toxicity: topical ointment
Vancomycin
MOA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis (non-beta lactam drugs)
SOA: narrow spectrum only gram +
Toxicity: last line of defense against S. Aureus resistance VRSA
Isoniazid
MOA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis ; anti-mycolic acid
SOA: used against mycobacterium tuberculosis
Ethambutol
MOA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis ; anti-mycolic acid
SOA: used against mycobacterium tuberculosis
Aminoglycosides
MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis
SOA: mostly gram- but can be used against some gram+
Toxicity: hearing loss and kidney damage
Tetracycline
MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis
SOA: broad spectrum, great for intracellular parasites: chlamydia, chlamydophila and rickettsia . Used to treat acne
Toxicity: affects bone development and discolors teeth , not given to children
Chloramphenicol
MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis
SOA: treatment for meningitis , may be used for rickettsia and chlamydia
Toxicity: aplastic anemia in children , only used as a last resort
Macrolides (erythromycin)
MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis
SOA: many gram+
mycoplasma (atypical walking pneumonia)
Chlamydophila, legionella (legionnaires disease)
Clindamycin
MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis
SOA: broad spectrum
Toxicity: can kill normal flora in GI tract –> infection by clostridium difficle –> pseudomembranous colitis
Oxazolidinones
MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis
SOA: used against vancomycin resistant bacteria
Streptogramins
MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis
SOA: used against vancomycin resistant bacteria
Rifampin (inhibits RNA polymerase–> prevents transcription)
MOA: inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
Toxicity: red man syndrome
Quinolones (cipro): inhibits DNA gyrase; prevents DNA replication
MOA: inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
SOA: broad spectrum
Toxicity: not to give to pregnant women because it can interfere with cartilage development in newborns
Sulfonamide: prevents folic acid synthesis in bacteria
MOA: antimetabolites
SOA: given in combination with trimethoprim used to treat UTI pneumocystis pneumonia
Polymyxin
MOA: cell membrane injury
SOA: topical agent , mainly against gram-
Amphotericin B
MOA: binds to ergosterol
SOA: systemic fungal infections
Toxicity: kidney toxicity
*antifungal drug
Miconazole (imidazole)
MOA: prevents synthesis of ergosterol
SOA: skin fungal infections
*antifungal drug
Terbinafine
MOA: prevents synthesis of ergosterol
SOA: nail fungus
Nystatin
MOA: degrades cell membranes
*antifungal drug
Echinocandins
MOA: disrupts cell wall synthesis
SOA: systemic fungal infections
*antifungal drug
Griseofulvin
MOA: disrupts cell division
SOA: skin fungal infections
