Hormones List Flashcards
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Made in: anterior pituitary
Action: stimulate adrenal cortex to ⤴️ cortisol
Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️ cortisol levels via hypothalamus (⤴️ releasing hormone)
Diseases/notes: ACTH acts primarily on Zona fasciculata
Thyroid stimulating
Made in: anterior pituitary
Action: stimulates thyroid to relapse T3, T4
Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️ T3 and T4 via hypothalamus ( ⤴️ releasing hormone)
Diseases/notes: TSH also causes thyroid gland to grow
Follicle stimulating hormone
Made in: anterior pituitary
Action: female (egg production) male (sperm production)
Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️ estrogen or testosterone, hypothalamus (⤴️ releasing hormone)
Diseases/notes:
Luteinizing hormone
Made in: anterior pituitary
Action: female (ovulation) male (testosterone)
Secretion stimulated by: same as FSH , ⤴️ estrogen causes ovulation
Diseases/notes:
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
Made in: anterior pituitary
Action: ⤴️ skin pigmentation
Secretion stimulated by: hypothalamus (⤴️ releasing hormone)
Diseases/notes:
Human growth hormone
Made in: anterior pituitary
Action: growth/esp bone , ⤴️glucose, ⤴️protein synthesis, lipolysis
Secretion stimulated by: hypothalamus (⤴️ releasing hormone)
Diseases/notes: ⤴️ gigantism, ⤴️ acromegaly (adults), ⤵️ dwarfism, requires somatomedins
Prolactin
Made in: anterior pituitary
Action: maintain milk secretion
Secretion stimulated by: hypothalamus (⤴️ releasing hormone)
Diseases/notes: in males may increase testosterone
Oxytocin
Made in: hypothalamus
Action: uterine contractions, “let-down” reflex
Secretion stimulated by: cervix dilation or sucking (nipple) via hypothalamus
Diseases/notes: role in sexual intercourse (contraction of ductus deferens)
Antidiuretic
Made in: hypothalamus
Action: makes DCT/CD (kidney) permeable to water
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ osmolarity via hypothalamus
Diseases/notes: ⤵️ diabetes insipidus
Releasing and inhibiting hormones
Made in: hypothalamus
Action: ⤴️ or ⤵️ secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
Secretion stimulated by: negative feedback mechanism
Diseases/notes:
Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3 and T4)
Made in: thyroid
Action: ⤴️ metabolism, ⤴️❤️rate, growth & nervous development
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ TSH from anterior pituitary
Diseases/notes: ⤵️ hypothyroidism, ⤵️ cretinism, ⤴️ hyperthyroidism, ⤴️ Graves’ disease
Calcitonin
Made in: thyroid
Action: ⤵️ blood Ca+ / puts Ca+ into bone
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ blood Ca+
Diseases/notes: inhibits osteoclasts
Parathyroid hormone
Made in: parathyroid
Action: ⤴️Ca+ in blood, ⤴️osteoclast activity, ⤴️Mg ⤵️Phosphate
Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️ blood Ca+
Diseases/notes: ⤵️ hypoparathyroidism , ⤴️hyperparathyroidism
Aldosterone
Mineralcorticoids
Made in: adrenal cortex (Zona glomerulosa)
Action: ⤴️ Na+ in blood, ⤵️ K+ in blood
Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️Na+,⤴️K+, ⤴️angiotensin II
Diseases/notes: important hormone that controls K+
Cortisol
Glucocorticoids
Made in: adrenal cortex (Zona fasiculata)
Action: ⤴️glucose, ⤴️lipolysis, ⤴️protein catabolism, poor wound healing, anti-inflammatory
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ ACTH
Diseases/notes: ⤴️ cushings disease, ⤵️Addison’s disease
Androgens
Gonadocorticoids
Made in: adrenal cortex (Zona reticularis)
Action: male hair pattern, (converted to estrogen in females)
Secretion stimulated by: amounts of these hormones are low
Diseases/notes: can be significant if made in excess by tumors
Epinephrine/norepinephrine
Made in: adrenal medulla
Action: flight or fight response, ⤴️glucose, ⤴️BP, bronchiole dilation, etc
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ sympathetic NS (hypothalamus)
Diseases/notes: tumor of adrenal medulla could lead to dangerously high levels of these hormones
Glucagon
Made in: pancreas (alpha cells)
Action: ⤴️ glucose in blood, glycogenolysis
Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️ blood glucose
Diseases/notes:
Insulin
Made in: pancreas (beta cells)
Action: ⤵️ glucose in blood, glycogenesis, lipogenesis and protein synthesis
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ blood glucose (made when glucose levels are high)
Diseases/notes: ⤴️ diabetes mellitus
Estrogen
Made in: growing follicles and corpus luteum
Action: female sex characteristics, protein synthesis and growth of endometrium
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ FSH
Diseases/notes: levels of this hormone ⤴️ during first 14 days of cycle
Progesterone
Made in: corpus luteum
Action: growth, secretion and maintenance of endometrium
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ LH (FSH)
Diseases/notes: levels ⤴️ 14-28 day, levels stay high during pregnancy due to hcg
Testosterone
Made in: testes (leydig cells)
Action: make sex characteristic, protein synthesis, bone growth and testes descent
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ LH stimulates leydig cells to make testosterone
Diseases/notes:
Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone hCG
Made in: placenta
Action: maintains corpus luteum to keep progesterone levels ⤴️
Secretion stimulated by:
Diseases/notes: hormone ⤴️ during pregnancy
Relaxin
Made in: corpus luteum, placenta
Action: relax symphysis pubis, dilate cervix
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ towards the end of pregnancy
Diseases/notes:
Renin
(Is actually an enzyme)
Made in: kidney (JGA)
Action: ⤴️ BP
Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️Na+ , ⤵️ BP in the afferent arteriole
Diseases/notes: works via angiotensin II that is made in the lung
Erythropoietin EPO
Made in: kidney (also made by liver)
Action: ⤴️ production of RBC
Secretion stimulated by: secreted in response to hypoxia
Diseases/notes: sometimes involved in illegal doping (athletes)
Calcitrol
Made in: skin to liver to kidney from vitamin D
Action: ⤴️ Ca+ absorption in GI tract
Secretion stimulated by: effect stimulated by parathyroid hormone
Diseases/notes: vitamin D is first activated in skin via sunlight
Cholecystokinin CCK
Made in: duodenal mucosa
Action: ⤴️ enzymes in pancreatic juice, gall bladder contraction, stops stomach
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ fatty chyme, partially digested proteins
Diseases/notes: also acts on hypothalamus to suppress appetite
Gastrin
Made in: stomach mucosa
Action: causes gastric glands to ⤴️ secretory activity
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ food in stomach
Diseases/notes:
Secretin
Made in: duodenal mucosa
Action: ⤴️ HCO3 in pancreatic juice, inhibits stomach
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ acidic chyme
Diseases/notes:
Histamine
Made in: stomach mucosa
Action: parietal cell ⤴️ HCL
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ food in stomach
Diseases/notes:
Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone
Made in: atria of ❤️
Action: ⤵️ Na+ in blood, ⤵️ BP
Secretion stimulated by: stretch on R atrium of the heart
Diseases/notes:
Angiotensin II
Made in: lung
Action: ⤴️ BP, ⤴️ ADH and ⤴️ aldosterone, thirst, ⤴️ Na+ Reabsorption
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ renin
Diseases/notes: extremely powerful vasoconstrictor
Leptin
Made in: adipose tissue
Action: suppresses appetite, role in puberty
Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ fatty foods
Diseases/notes:
Angiotensin I
Made in: liver
Action: ⤴️ BP by ⤴️ levels of angiotensin II
Secretion stimulated by: formed from angiotensinogen
Diseases/notes:
Somatomedins
(Insulin-like growth factors)
Made in: liver
Action: ⤴️ growth of bone and muscle (protein synthesis)
Secretion stimulated by: stimulated by hGH from anterior pituitary
Diseases/notes:
