Hormones List Flashcards by myrianna butler

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Made in: anterior pituitary

Action: stimulate adrenal cortex to ⤴️ cortisol

Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️ cortisol levels via hypothalamus (⤴️ releasing hormone)

Diseases/notes: ACTH acts primarily on Zona fasciculata

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Thyroid stimulating

Made in: anterior pituitary

Action: stimulates thyroid to relapse T3, T4

Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️ T3 and T4 via hypothalamus ( ⤴️ releasing hormone)

Diseases/notes: TSH also causes thyroid gland to grow

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Follicle stimulating hormone

Made in: anterior pituitary

Action: female (egg production) male (sperm production)

Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️ estrogen or testosterone, hypothalamus (⤴️ releasing hormone)

Diseases/notes:

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Luteinizing hormone

Made in: anterior pituitary

Action: female (ovulation) male (testosterone)

Secretion stimulated by: same as FSH , ⤴️ estrogen causes ovulation

Diseases/notes:

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Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Made in: anterior pituitary

Action: ⤴️ skin pigmentation

Secretion stimulated by: hypothalamus (⤴️ releasing hormone)

Diseases/notes:

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Human growth hormone

Made in: anterior pituitary

Action: growth/esp bone , ⤴️glucose, ⤴️protein synthesis, lipolysis

Secretion stimulated by: hypothalamus (⤴️ releasing hormone)

Diseases/notes: ⤴️ gigantism, ⤴️ acromegaly (adults), ⤵️ dwarfism, requires somatomedins

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Prolactin

Made in: anterior pituitary

Action: maintain milk secretion

Secretion stimulated by: hypothalamus (⤴️ releasing hormone)

Diseases/notes: in males may increase testosterone

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Oxytocin

Made in: hypothalamus

Action: uterine contractions, “let-down” reflex

Secretion stimulated by: cervix dilation or sucking (nipple) via hypothalamus

Diseases/notes: role in sexual intercourse (contraction of ductus deferens)

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Antidiuretic

Made in: hypothalamus

Action: makes DCT/CD (kidney) permeable to water

Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ osmolarity via hypothalamus

Diseases/notes: ⤵️ diabetes insipidus

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Releasing and inhibiting hormones

Made in: hypothalamus

Action: ⤴️ or ⤵️ secretion of anterior pituitary hormones

Secretion stimulated by: negative feedback mechanism

Diseases/notes:

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Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3 and T4)

Made in: thyroid

Action: ⤴️ metabolism, ⤴️❤️rate, growth & nervous development

Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ TSH from anterior pituitary

Diseases/notes: ⤵️ hypothyroidism, ⤵️ cretinism, ⤴️ hyperthyroidism, ⤴️ Graves’ disease

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Calcitonin

Made in: thyroid

Action: ⤵️ blood Ca+ / puts Ca+ into bone

Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ blood Ca+

Diseases/notes: inhibits osteoclasts

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Parathyroid hormone

Made in: parathyroid

Action: ⤴️Ca+ in blood, ⤴️osteoclast activity, ⤴️Mg ⤵️Phosphate

Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️ blood Ca+

Diseases/notes: ⤵️ hypoparathyroidism , ⤴️hyperparathyroidism

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Aldosterone

Mineralcorticoids

Made in: adrenal cortex (Zona glomerulosa)

Action: ⤴️ Na+ in blood, ⤵️ K+ in blood

Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️Na+,⤴️K+, ⤴️angiotensin II

Diseases/notes: important hormone that controls K+

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Cortisol

Glucocorticoids

Made in: adrenal cortex (Zona fasiculata)

Action: ⤴️glucose, ⤴️lipolysis, ⤴️protein catabolism, poor wound healing, anti-inflammatory

Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ ACTH

Diseases/notes: ⤴️ cushings disease, ⤵️Addison’s disease

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Androgens

Gonadocorticoids

Made in: adrenal cortex (Zona reticularis)

Action: male hair pattern, (converted to estrogen in females)

Secretion stimulated by: amounts of these hormones are low

Diseases/notes: can be significant if made in excess by tumors

Epinephrine/norepinephrine

Made in: adrenal medulla

Action: flight or fight response, ⤴️glucose, ⤴️BP, bronchiole dilation, etc

Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ sympathetic NS (hypothalamus)

Diseases/notes: tumor of adrenal medulla could lead to dangerously high levels of these hormones

Glucagon

Made in: pancreas (alpha cells)

Action: ⤴️ glucose in blood, glycogenolysis

Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️ blood glucose

Diseases/notes:

Insulin

Made in: pancreas (beta cells)

Action: ⤵️ glucose in blood, glycogenesis, lipogenesis and protein synthesis

Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ blood glucose (made when glucose levels are high)

Diseases/notes: ⤴️ diabetes mellitus

Estrogen

Made in: growing follicles and corpus luteum

Action: female sex characteristics, protein synthesis and growth of endometrium

Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ FSH

Diseases/notes: levels of this hormone ⤴️ during first 14 days of cycle

Progesterone

Made in: corpus luteum

Action: growth, secretion and maintenance of endometrium

Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ LH (FSH)

Diseases/notes: levels ⤴️ 14-28 day, levels stay high during pregnancy due to hcg

Testosterone

Made in: testes (leydig cells)

Action: make sex characteristic, protein synthesis, bone growth and testes descent

Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ LH stimulates leydig cells to make testosterone

Diseases/notes:

Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone hCG

Made in: placenta

Action: maintains corpus luteum to keep progesterone levels ⤴️

Secretion stimulated by:

Diseases/notes: hormone ⤴️ during pregnancy

Relaxin

Made in: corpus luteum, placenta

Action: relax symphysis pubis, dilate cervix

Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ towards the end of pregnancy

Diseases/notes:

Renin

(Is actually an enzyme) Made in: kidney (JGA) Action: ⤴️ BP Secretion stimulated by: ⤵️Na+ , ⤵️ BP in the afferent arteriole Diseases/notes: works via angiotensin II that is made in the lung

Erythropoietin EPO

Made in: kidney (also made by liver) Action: ⤴️ production of RBC Secretion stimulated by: secreted in response to hypoxia Diseases/notes: sometimes involved in illegal doping (athletes)

Calcitrol

Made in: skin to liver to kidney from vitamin D Action: ⤴️ Ca+ absorption in GI tract Secretion stimulated by: effect stimulated by parathyroid hormone Diseases/notes: vitamin D is first activated in skin via sunlight

Cholecystokinin CCK

Made in: duodenal mucosa Action: ⤴️ enzymes in pancreatic juice, gall bladder contraction, stops stomach Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ fatty chyme, partially digested proteins Diseases/notes: also acts on hypothalamus to suppress appetite

Gastrin

Made in: stomach mucosa Action: causes gastric glands to ⤴️ secretory activity Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ food in stomach Diseases/notes:

Secretin

Made in: duodenal mucosa Action: ⤴️ HCO3 in pancreatic juice, inhibits stomach Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ acidic chyme Diseases/notes:

Histamine

Made in: stomach mucosa Action: parietal cell ⤴️ HCL Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ food in stomach Diseases/notes:

Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone

Made in: atria of ❤️ Action: ⤵️ Na+ in blood, ⤵️ BP Secretion stimulated by: stretch on R atrium of the heart Diseases/notes:

Angiotensin II

Made in: lung Action: ⤴️ BP, ⤴️ ADH and ⤴️ aldosterone, thirst, ⤴️ Na+ Reabsorption Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ renin Diseases/notes: extremely powerful vasoconstrictor

Leptin

Made in: adipose tissue Action: suppresses appetite, role in puberty Secretion stimulated by: ⤴️ fatty foods Diseases/notes:

Angiotensin I

Made in: liver Action: ⤴️ BP by ⤴️ levels of angiotensin II Secretion stimulated by: formed from angiotensinogen Diseases/notes:

Somatomedins

(Insulin-like growth factors) Made in: liver Action: ⤴️ growth of bone and muscle (protein synthesis) Secretion stimulated by: stimulated by hGH from anterior pituitary Diseases/notes: