Bacteria List Flashcards
Borrelia
- gram negative spirochete -
Borrelia borgdogeri
Causes: Lyme disease, arthropod borne
Treponema
- gram negative spirochete -
Treponema pallidum
Causes: syphilis
Leptospira
- gram negative spirochete -
Leptospira interogans
Causes: leptospirosis
Vibrio
- gram negative curved bacilli -
Shape: curved rod (vibrio)
Vibrio cholera
Causes: cholera, GI disease
Campylobacter
- gram negative curved bacilli -
Shape: curved rod ( s-shaped)
Campylobacter jejuni
Causes: GI infections from contaminated meat or water, Giuliani-barre syndrome is a possible side effect
Helicobacter
- gram negative curved bacilli -
Shape: curved rod (helical shape)
Helicobacter pylori
Causes: peptic ulcer
Rickettsia
- gram negative obligate intracellular parasite -
Rickettsia rickettsia
Causes: Rocky Mountain spotted fever , enters host through vectors
Chlamydia
- gram negative obligate intracellular parasite -
Chlamyidia trachomitis
Causes: trachoma (blindness) , std
Chlamydophila
- gram negative obligate intracellular parasite -
Chlamydophila pneumonia
Causes: pneumonia
Pseudomonas (obligate aerobe)
- gram negative aerobic bacilli -
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Causes: produces pyocyanin (green) pigment, infection in burn patients, nosocomial infections, lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients
Legionella
- gram negative aerobic bacilli -
Legionella pneumophila
Causes: pneumonia (legionaries disease) ; intracellular pathogens
Bordetella
- gram negative aerobic bacilli -
Bordetella pertussis
Causes: pertussis (whooping cough)
Burkholderia
- gram negative aerobic bacilli -
Burkholderia cepacia
Causes: cystic fibrosis patients , likes moist surfaces (medical equipment)
Escherichia
- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -
Normal GI tract
Causes: O157:H7 strain: Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Salmonella
- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -
Salmonella enterica
Causes: typhoid fever, salmonellosis, food poisoning
Shigella
- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -
Shigella dysenteriae
Causes: shigellosis (dysentery)
Klebsiella
- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -
Klebsiella pneumonia
Causes: hemorrhagic pneumonia
Serratia
- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -
Serratia marcescens
Causes: opportunistic UTI, respiratory infections ; colonies produce a red/pink pigment at room temperature
Proteus
- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -
Proteus vulgaris
Causes: opportunistic UTI
Yersinia
- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -
Yersinia pestis
Causes: plague
Enterobacter
- gram negative bacilli in the intestine -
Causes: opportunistic UTI
Fusobacterium
- gram negative bacilli -
Causes: gingivitis
Neisseria
- gram negative diplococcus -
Nisseria gonorrheae / Nisseria meningitis
Haemophilus
- gram negative pleomorphic bacillus -
Haemophilus influenza
Causes: meningitis, epiglottis, otitis, URI
Clostridium (obligate anaerobe)
- gram positive endospore forming bacilli -
Clostridium tetani: causes tetanus
Clostridium perfringens: causes food poisoning, gas gangrene
Clostridium botulinum: causes botulism
Clostridium difficile: causes pseudomembranous colitis
Bacillus
- gram positive endospore forming bacilli -
Bacillus anthracis: causes anthrax
Bacillus cereus: causes fried rice syndrome
*** some species make antibiotics
Lactobacillus
- gram positive NONendospore forming bacilli -
Used in making yogurt, buttermilk and sauerkraut
*** also found in vaginal flora
Listeria
- gram positive NONendospore forming bacilli -
Listeria monocytogens
Causes: fetal pathogen, newborn meningitis
*** can live at refrigerated temperatures and cause food poisoning
Propionibacterium
- gram positive NONendospore forming bacilli -
Propionibacterium acnes
Causes: acne
Gardnerella
- gram positive NONendospore forming bacilli -
Gardnerella vaginalis
Causes: vaginitis/ vaginosis
Streptococcus
- gram positive cocci -
Streptococcus pneumonia: causes alpha hemolysis , pneumonia and otitis media
Streptococcus pyogenes: causes beta hemolysis, pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis, cellulitis and erysipelas
Streptococcus mutans: causes cavities
Enterococcus (type of streptococcus)
- gram positive cocci -
Vancomycin resistant enterococcus VRE
Staphylococcus
- gram positive cocci -
Staphylococcus aureus: causes folliculitis, scalded skin syndrome, impetigo and toxic shock syndrome
Methicillin resistant Staph aureus MRSA
vancomycin resistant Staph aureus VRSA
Staphylococcus epidermis: causes normal flora on skin
Streptomyces
- gram positive filamentous -
Produce antibiotics
Actinomyces
- gram positive filamentous -
Causes: respiratory diseases, cavities
Corynebacterium
- gram positive pleomorphic -
Corynebacterium diphtheria: causes diphtheria
*** contain inclusions of metachromatic granules
Mycoplasma
Pleomorphic (no cell wall)
Mycoplasma pneumonia: causes walking pneumonia
Mycobacterium
Bacillus
Acid fast
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: causes tuberculosis
Mycobacterium leprae: causes leprosy
Nocardia
Bacillus
Acid fast
Causes: respiratory diseases
*** also used to break down pollutants in lakes and landfills