π€°πΎ- Exam 1 Flashcards
Para
Refers to number of births 20wks or after , regardless of born alive or stillborn
Gravida
A pregnant woman
Also refers to a womanβs total number of pregnancies, including the ones in progress
Term
37wks- 41wks + 6days
Preterm
20wks - 36wks + 6days
Post term
Anything after 42wks
GTPAL
G- pregnancies
T- term (37+ wks)
P- preterm (20-36.5 wks)
A- abortions
L- current living
Nullipara
A woman who has never been pregnant or has not completed a pregnancy of at least 20wks
Nageleβs rule
First day of last menstrual period (LMP) , subtract 3 months , add 7 days plus 1 year
Gestational age 5-8 wks
Woman misses period
Nausea, fatigue, tingling of breast
Uterus size of a lemon
Positive Chadwick, goodell and hegar signs
Gestational age 9-12 wks
- nausea usually ends by 10 to 12 wks
- uterus size of an orange
- fetal heartbeat with Doppler
Gestational age 13-16 wks
- fetal movement at 16wks
- uterus in abdomen
- fundus midway between symphysis pubis and umbilicus
**colostrum present
-blood volume increases
Gestational age 17-20wks
- heartbeat heard with fetoscope
- skin pigmentation increases
- areolae darken
- melasma and Linea nigra present
- Braxton hicks contractions palpable
- fundus at umbilicus level at 20 wks
Melasma
Brownish pigmentation of the face during pregnancy
Aka chloasma and βmask of pregnancyβ
Gestational age 21-24 wks
-relaxation of smooth muscles of veins and bladder increases the chance of varicose veins and UTI
Gestational age 25-28 wks
Period of greatest weight gain and lowest hemoglobin level begins
Lordosis may cause backache
Gestational age 29-32 wks
- heartburn common as uterus presses on diaphragm and displaces stomach
- Braxton hicks more noticeable
- lordosis increases
- waddling gait develops
Gestational age 33-36 wks
- shortness of breath caused by upward pressure on diaphragm
- difficulty finding comfort during sleep
- umbilicus protrudes
- pedal or ankle edema present
Gestational age 37-40wks
- woman is uncomfortable
- cervix softens , begins to efface
- mucous plug often lost
Growth changes in uterus during pregnancy
Nonpregnant uterus
Weight: 70g/2.5oz
Capacity: 10ml
Term uterus
Weight: 1100-1200g/2.4-2.6lb
Capacity: 5L
Uterine growth occurs as a result of ?
Hyperplasia in early pregnancy caused by estrogen and growth factors
Hypertrophy in later pregnancy due to muscle fibers stretch in all directions to accommodate growth
The fundus is normally located at the umbilicus at what gestational age
20 weeks
The fundus reaches its highest level when
The xiphoid process At 36 weeks gestation
Lightening
Descent of the fetal head into the pelvic cavity
Presumptive indications
Are subjective changes that are experienced and reported by the woman
These changes are the least reliable indicators of pregnancy because they can be caused by conditions other than pregnancy