Reproduction And Meiosis Flashcards by aaron jennings

What happens during interphase 1

G1-grows/develops
S-DNA copied
G2-continues to get ready to divide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Meiosis is the process by which our ______ reproduce

Gametes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The original parent cell has ______ chromosomes and is called a _______ cell

46, diploid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

During prophase 1 what happens

The nucleolus and nuclear membrane break down
Centrioles form spindle fibers
Synapsids makes tetrads
Crossing over can take place

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is another name for meiosis

Reduction division

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Metaphase 1

Spindle fibers move tetrads to equator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anaphase 1

Spindle fibers pull tetrads apart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Telophase 1

Nucleolus and nuclear membrane are reformed
Spindle fibers break apart
A cleavage furrow forms which marks the end of telophase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cytokinesis 1

Cytoplasm divided equally

2 haploid cells formed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Interphase two

DNA not copied, normally skipped

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Prophase 2

Nucleolus and nuclear membrane break down

Centrioles form spindle fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Metaphase 2

Spindle fibers move chromosomes to equator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anaphase 2

Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Telophase 2

The nuclear membrane and nucleolus reform
Cleavage furrow forms
Spindle fibers break apart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cytokinesis 2

The cytoplasm divided equally

4 haploid cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Male process

Spermatogenesis results in 4 spermatids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Female process

Oogenesis forms 1 large egg and 3 small polar bodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Difference between mitosis and meiosis

Mitosis has only one cell division and produces diploid cells and two identical daughter cells and homologous pairs do not line up
Meiosis has two cell division, produces haploid cells, four genetically diverse cells, and homologous pairs only lineup in meiosis one

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

During what week do changes start to occur to fertilized zygotes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why do males and females change

Gonads begin to produce different steroid hormones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does puberty start

The brain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the pituitary gland do

Produce follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Testis

Male reproductive organ on scrotum that produces sperm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Penis

Male reproductive organ that delivers the sperm to the vagina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epididymis

Tube in which spermatids mature

Vas deferens

Tube which carries mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

Urethra

Allows urine and sperm to travel( not at the same time)

Seminal vesicle and prostate

Produce seminal vesicle

What does seminal fluid do

It nourishes and protects the sperm from the acidic female environment

The head of the sperm

Contains DNA and an enzyme that allows entry into the egg

Midpiece

Contains mitochondria for energy

Tail

Locomotion(flagella)

Ovaries

Produce eggs

Fallopian tube

Carries egg to uterus

Uterus

Hollow muscular organ that acts as the womb

Cervix

Opening of the uterus

Vagina

Birth canal

Zygote

Fertilized egg

How does fertilization take place

After a single sperm enters the egg, a barrier is out up to keep other sperm out

Where does fertilization take place

Fallopian tubes

What is the ball of totipotent cells that the zygote becomes

Morula

What is the blastocyst

A hollow ball that is formed and 6-7 days after fertilization, it attaches itself into the uterus wall, tis is called implantation

What is the outer ring of cells

The placenta

What do the inner cells become

Embryo

Developmental stage in which cells become specialized

Differentiation

Process by which cells become specialized

Totipotent cells

Can develop into any type of body cell and cells of the extraembryonic membrane or placenta

After about four days what happens

Single cell becomes a hollow ball of cells surrounding an inner mass of cells called the blastocyst

Pluripotent

Cells that can develop into many cells but not every type

Stem cells

Unspecialized cells which from which differentiated cells develop

Embryonic stem cells are what

Pluripotent

Adult stem cells

Group of cells that differentiate and replace old cells | Multi potent

Benefits of stem cell research

They can be used to repair or replace damaged cells

Ethical issues

Embryonic stem cell research kills the embryo

What are some solutions to embryonic stem cell research

A new technique that doesn't harm the embryo, and reprogramming adult stem cells to become pluripotent

Gasturalation

Cells differentiate into 3 germ cells

Endoderm

Organ lining

Ectoderm

Skin/nervous system

Mesoderm

Muscles/skeletal system

Neurulation

Formation of the nervous system. First the neural tube forms which will become the brain and spinal cord.

Placenta

Organ that can next mother and embryo (only organ to regrow) | Supplies oxygen and nutrients and gets rid of waste

Umbilical cord

Intense blood vessels that attached embryo to placenta

Amniotic sac

Surrounds embryo and contains amniotic fluid what cushions the baby and is what we breathe in to encourage lung development

After 8 weeks

Most of the major organs and tissue are formed | Movement and reflexes

Months 4-6

``` Tissue becomes more complex and specialized Heartbeat is detectable Bone continues to replace cartilage Hair is visible If men can be felt by mother ```

Months 7-9

Fetus grows in size and mass Lungs prepare for air Able to regulate body temperature CNS fully developed (central nervous system)