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Biology Honors > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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0
Q
  1. Who invented the first microscope?
A

Zacharias and Hans janssen

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1
Q
  1. What is the difference between a compound and simple lens microscope?
A

Compound microscopes have multiple lenses and were invented before the simple microscope which has one lense and can magnify more and was invented after the compound microscope

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2
Q
  1. Who discovered and named the cell after observing cork?
A

Robert hook

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3
Q
  1. Who observed the first living cell?
A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q
  1. Distinguish (pros and cons) between a compound light and electron microscope.
A

Compound-pros-cheap, portable, lightweight, can view living things
Cons-less magnification, 2-d images, needs light
Electron-pros-doesn’t need light, greater magnification, 3-d images
Cons-can’t view living things, large, expensive, needs a vacuum

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5
Q
  1. What is the difference between a transmission and scanning electron microscope?
A

TEM-only 2-D, can view makeup of cell, thin slice

SEM- 3-D, only surface, needs to be conductive

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6
Q
  1. What did Schleiden conclude?
A

Plants are made of cells

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7
Q
  1. What did Schwann conclude?
A

Animals are made of cells

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8
Q
  1. What did Virchow conclude?
A

Cells reproduce

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9
Q
  1. What are the 3 things stated in the Cell Theory?
A
  • all living things are made up of cells
  • cells are the basic units of structure/function in living things
  • new cells are made from existing cells
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10
Q
  1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
A

P-do not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles, simple cell
E-contain nucleus, more complex, contain membrane bound organelles

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11
Q
  1. What do all cells have in common?
A

They both have a cell membrane and contain dna

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12
Q
  1. What are the functions of the cell membrane?
A

Acts as a gatekeeper

Protects and supports

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13
Q
  1. Explain why the phospholipids are arranged as a bilayer.
A

Because the heads are hydrologic and the tails are hydrophobic and when exposed to water they form a bilayer to protect themselves

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14
Q
  1. Describe the Fluid Mosaic Model.
A

Found by sj singer he thought the membrane moved

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15
Q
  1. How do fatty acids effect the flexibility of the cell membrane?
A

They keep the membrane less viscous so that it is flexible

16
Q
  1. What is the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?
A

Prevents the packing of fatty acid tails so that the membrane remains flexible

17
Q
  1. What is the role of carbohydrates in the cell membrane?
A

They play a key role in cell recognition by acting as a name tag

18
Q
  1. What is the difference between integral and peripheral proteins?
A

P- loosely bound to cell surface-cell surface identity marker
I- penetrate lipid bilayer;usually across whole membrane AKA transmembrane proteins

19
Q
  1. What is another name for integral protein?
A

Transmembrane proteins

20
Q
  1. What is the function of peripheral proteins in the cell membrane?
A

To act as a surface identity marker

21
Q
  1. What is the function of integral proteins in the cell membrane? (there are 6)
A

H

22
Q
  1. How do proteins stay anchored in the cell membrane?
A

Hydrophobic amino acids hold them in place

23
Q
  1. What is diffusion?
A

the intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles

24
Q
  1. List 2 examples of passive transport.
A

Diffusion of oxygen into the cell

Diffusion of carbon dioxide out of the cell

25
Q
  1. What materials do cells want to get into the cell?
A

Food, carbohydrates, sugars, proteins, lipids, salt, oxygen, and water

26
Q
  1. What materials do cells want to get out of the cell?
A

Ammonia, salt, carbon dioxide, water, and products

27
Q
  1. What molecules can pass directly through the cell membrane and why?
A

Fats and other lipids

28
Q
  1. How do polar molecules, ions and large molecules get in and out of the cell?
A

The membrane becomes semi-permeable with protein channels which allow specific materials across the membrane

29
Q
  1. What does semi-permeable mean?
A

(of a material or membrane) allowing certain substances to pass through it but not others, especially allowing the passage of a solvent but not of certain solutes.

30
Q
  1. What is osmosis?
A

Diffusion of water from high to low concentration

31
Q
  1. Compare hypertonic, hypotonic, and Isotonicsolutions and explain what happens to a cell in each of them.
A

Hyper-More solute less water-cell gets smaller
Hypo-more water less solute- cell lyces (explodes)
Iso-solutions have the same concentration-cell stays the same

32
Q
  1. What is a aquaporin?
A

Proteins that allow water to pass into and out of the cell

33
Q
  1. How is active transport different than passive transport?
A

Active transport requires energy, low concentration to high concentration

34
Q
  1. How is active transport similar to facilitated diffusion? How is it different?
A

Both serve to transport molecules across cell membranes and both make use of proteins embedded in cell membrane in order to move these molecules. Active needs ATP gas ciliates does not

35
Q
  1. Distinguish between Endocytosis and Exocytosis?
A

Endo-brings large proteins out

Exo-gets rid of waste

36
Q

Know how to label a microscope

A

K?

37
Q

Know how to name a lipid

A

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Biology Honors (13 decks)

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