Ch 9 Flashcards
What is a calorie, Calorie
A capital C calorie is 1000 lowercase c calories
Why’s food important
It provides us with the chemical building blocks to grow and reproduce and energy
What is cellular respiration
The process in which the body releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
What is cellular respiration’s chemical formula
Six CO2 + C6 H 12 O 6—> six CO2 +6 H2O plus energy
What does cellular respiration produce
ATP
How many steps are in cellular respiration
Three
What is glycolysis
The process by which one molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 3 carbon compounds called pyruvate or pyruvic acid
Where does glycolysis take place
The cytosol
Why is glycolysis special
It does not require oxygen
What is the net yield of glycolysis
2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules
Why do we need other steps other than glycolysis
Because in a few seconds all of the cells NAD+ are filled with electrons in glycolysis cannot continue
What is the next step after glycolysis
If oxygen is not present it goes into fermentation if oxygen is present it doesn’t to cellular respiration
What must be present in order aerobic respiration take place
Oxygen
What are the two stages of the aerobic respiration
The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain
What is the Krebs cycle
Acetyl coA is broken down into CO2 well energy is released
AKA The citric acid cycle
Where does the Krebs cycle take place
The mitochondrial matrix
What is the net yield of the Krebs cycle
Six NADH 2 FADH2 2 ATP and 4 carbon dioxide
What powerful electronic scepter is used to use the energy in pyruvic acid
Oxygen
Where is the electron transport chain located
The mitochondrial cristae
What does the electron transport chain do
Transports electrons to oxygen
What is chemi osmosis
Hydrogen ions move through the ATP synthase and spin the ATP synthase allowing ADP and a phosphate to equal ATP
What is the net yield of the electron transport chain
Every NADH produces three ATP and every FADH2 produces 2 ATP equaling 34
How many ATP are produced from one glucose molecule
38
Why does the process of cellular respiration lose two ATP
Some ATP is used to pump NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria
How efficient are we and getting energy
38% efficient the rest is lost as heat
What is fermentation also known as
Anaerobic respiration
Where does fermentation take place
In the cytosol
Why is fermentation important
Although ATT is not produced it allows for NAD+ to be regenerated so glycolysis can go on
What carries out the lactic acid fermentation
Micro organisms
What is lactic acid fermentation used for
To make food products
What happens during exercise
Your muscles used up available oxygen faster than it can be delivered, when this happens so swap to lactic acid fermentation
What happens to muscles during lactic acid fermentation
Two months lactic acid leads to muscle cramps, eventually are lactic acid is given to the liver where it is going vertical back to pyruvic acid
What is alcohol fermentation
Some unicellular organisms and plant cells convert pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol
