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Biology Honors > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

List the subatomic particles and describe the charge and location of each

A

Protons-positive-in nucleus
Neutrons-neutral-in nucleus
Electrons-negative-circle the nucleus

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1
Q

Define matter and atom

A

Atoms are the basic unit of matter matter is anything that takes up space

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2
Q

What is an element

A

A pure substance consisting of one type of atom

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3
Q

What is the atomic number represent

A

Number of protons in the nucleus

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4
Q

What does the atomic mass represent

A

Average of all the isotopes

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5
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons and then atom

A

You round the atomic mass and subtract the atomic number from it

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6
Q

What is an isotope

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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7
Q

What is it mean women isotope is radioactive

A

Their nucleus is unstable and breaks down at a constant rate overtime

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8
Q

If some beneficial uses of radioactive isotopes

A

It can treat cancer, date rocks, and kill food spoiling bacteria

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9
Q

What is the difference between the oxidation number and the valence number

A

Oxidation numbers how many valence electrons and lemon needs to gain or lose to become stable, valence numbers are the number of electrons in the last ring

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10
Q

What is the period Number tell you

A

The number of electrons rings

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11
Q

What’s a compound

A

The chemical combination of two elements in definite proportion

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12
Q

What is the purpose of Atoms forming chemical bonds

A

To become stable

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13
Q

Distinguish between covalent and ionic bonds

A

Covalent-atoms share electrons

Ionic-electrons are transferred

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14
Q

Give an example of a compound containing an ionic bond

A

NaCl

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15
Q

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds

A

Polar- unequal charge

Nonpolar- equal charge

16
Q

What type of bond does water contain

A

Polar covalent bonds

17
Q

Describe the structure of water

A

Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (polar covalent bond)

18
Q

How do Vanderwall’s forces occur

A

When molecules are close together, a slight attraction can develop between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

19
Q

Given example of a Vanderwall’s force

A

A gecko’s foot

20
Q

How are hydrogen bonds formed

A

Attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and and an atom with a partial negative charge

21
Q

Describe Capillary action and explain how hydrogen bonds aid in this process

A

Adhesion between water in the tree causes water to rise within The tree. Hydrogen bonds help to create adhesion

22
Q

Explain how hydrogen bonds allow ice to Float

A

They push the atoms away from each other causing water to have a lesser density

23
Q

Why is the property of water that ice is less dense important in biology

A

So ice floats at the surface of the water through and insulates fish under the sea and to make sure the ocean does not freeze

24
Q

Explain how hydrogen bonds allow water to have a high specific heat

A

Hydrogen bonds cause atoms to move less which causes the atoms to respond less to heat

25
Q

What is the biological importance of waters high specific heat

A

So our blood doesn’t boil

26
Q

What is a mixture

A

When two or more elements mixed together but are not chemically combined

27
Q

Describe the two types of mixtures and give examples of each

A

Solutions- all components are evenly distributed- sugar water
Suspensions- movement of molecules keeps small particles suspended-blood

28
Q

Explain how water dissolves particles

A

It can dissolve ionic compounds/other polar molecules

29
Q

What types of molecules can water dissolves

A

Polar molecules

30
Q

What types of molecules can water not dissolve

A

Nonpolar molecules

31
Q

Describe dissociation

A

A hydrogen nuclei leaves it’s electron behind with the oxygen atomto become a hydrogen ion, while the oxygen and other atoms become a hydroxide ion

32
Q

What makes a solution and acid

A

It forms h+ ions in a solution

33
Q

What makes a solution a base

A

It produces hydroxide in a solution

34
Q

Describe the pH scale? What do the numbers represent?

A

The pH scale is a measurement system that indicates h+ ions in a solution acids are 0 to 6 neutral are seven bases are 8 to 14

35
Q

Why is water neutral

A

Equal number of h+ and hydroxide ions

36
Q

How do you buffers maintain pH

A

Buffers are weak acids and bases that react with strong acids and bases to neutralize them

Biology Honors (13 decks)

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