Reproduction Flashcards
Male development
SRY gene causes Mullein-inhibiting hormone and the testosterone retains wolffian ducts
Leydig cells
Respond to LH to make testosterone
Sertoli cells
Line the seminiferous tubules and support development when FSH is releases
secretes androgen binding protein to keep androgens high, Lumenal fluid
also secrets inhibin to feedback on FSH (direct)
Sperm path
seminiferous tubes, rete testis, efferent ductules, exit testis, epididymis, vas deferens
Seminal vesicles
70% of semen, fructose, enzymes, alkaline
Prostate
23-30% of semen, citrate, Zn, prostate specific antigen
Bulbourethral glands
secrete lubricant mucus
LH feedback
leydig cells produce testosterone which feeds back to pituitary and hypothalamus (GnRH)
Sperm structure
Head
acrosome
DNA
Midpiece
Mitochondria, energy
Tail
Sperm maturation
remain in seminiferous tubules for 20 days immotile
acquire motility in epididymis
final capacitation in female tract (changes surface membrane receptors)
Granulosa cells
first stage in follicle development surrounds ovum
analogous to Sertoli cells respond to FSH
Theca cells
some granulosa cells differentiate to become the outside layer
ovum movement
Peristaltic for first min
ciliary movements for the rest
takes 4 days
ovarian cycle
Follicular before ovulation
luteal after ovulation
Corona radiata
Formed from granulosa cells is the closest layer to oocyte during astral phase
Cumulus oophorus
more granulosa cells from this bridge
LH surge
GnRH causing surge, causes Graafian (mature follicle) to rupture
Corpus albicans
scar tissue from corpus luteum degeneration
implantation steps
Trophoblast implants and digests endometrial cells for nutrients
also stimulates decimal response to form placenta
Chorionic villi
fetal side of placenta
lactation inhibition
estrogen and progesterone
lactation stimulation
Prolactin, oxytocin, sucking
Colostrum
watery milk of mostly proteins for first few days
Later milk
more nutrient dense milk for the rest of breast feeding
