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Pharm 204 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Types of hormones

A

Amino acid derivatives
Peptide
Lipid derivatives

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2
Q

hypothalamus function

A

Integrates neural and endocrine
secretes to posterior and anterior pituitary
Has autonomic enters to control adrenal medulla

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3
Q

infundibulum

A

attachment between hypothalamus and pituitary

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4
Q

hypophyseal portal system

A

hypothalamus secretes into this to control anterior pituitary
-breaks of the primary plexus of capillaries in the infundibulum

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5
Q

anterior lobe regions

A

Pars distalis (most hormones)
pars intermedia (melanocyte stimulating hormone)
pars tuberalis (wraps around infundibulum

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6
Q

thyrotropes

A

TSH

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7
Q

Corticotropes

A

ACTH
MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)

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8
Q

Gonadotropes

A

FSH, LH

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9
Q

Lactotropes

A

Prolactin

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10
Q

Somatotropes

A

GH (somatotropin)

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11
Q

MSH secretion

A

from pars intermedia in anterior pituitary

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12
Q

TSH action

A

Causes thyroid hormone release
-calcitonin
-T3 and T4

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13
Q

ACTH action

A

targets adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids

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14
Q

FSH action

A

targets Sertoli cells to produce sperm. or ovaries to produce estrogen and inhibin

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15
Q

LH action

A

Targets leydig cells to produce androgens (testosterone)
targets ovaries to ovulate and produce progesterone

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16
Q

GH action

A

All cells increase protein synthesis, catabolism
also targets liver to release somatomedins (further of same effects

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17
Q

MSH action

A

targets melanocytes to cause melanin

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18
Q

ADH action

A

(vasopressin)
In response to increased NaCl or low BP
causes water retention and constricts peripheral BV

19
Q

Oxytocin action

A

Contraction (uterus, boobies)
in males contracts prostate

20
Q

Thyroid gland structure

A

Highly vascularized
has two lobes connected by isthmus

21
Q

thyroid hormone production

A

Occurs in colloid, T thyrocytes secrete thyroglobulin which is processed to T4/3 on the apical side by thyroid peroxidase

22
Q

C tyrocytes

A

within the thyroid
produce calcitonin
inhibits osteoclasts lowering Ca+ conc in blood

23
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

posterior to thyroid
has parathyroid cells and oxyphil cells

24
Q

Parathyroid cells

A

Produce PTH
reduces excretion of Ca+ and increases absorption via calcitriol
starts osteoclasts to cause bone reabsorption

25
Q

oxyphil cells

A

in the parathyroid
action unknown but thought to support PTH

26
Q

Zona Glomerulosa

A

outmost adrenal cortex layer
produces aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)

27
Q

Zona fasciculate

A

middle layer of adrenal cortex
Process glucocorticoids cortisol

28
Q

Zona reticularis

A

deepest layer of adrenal cortex
produces androgens

29
Q

Aldosterone action

A

retains sodium and water increase blood volume e

30
Q

cortisol action

A

stress hormone, targets liver to produce glucose and glycogen (energy)

31
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

contains two Chromatin cell types
produce epinephrine and norepinephrine

32
Q

Kidney hormones

A

Renin
Erythropoietin
Calcitriol

33
Q

Heart hormones

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

34
Q

RAAS system

A

Kidney responds to low BP by producing renin, renin coverts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1, ACE coverts A1 to angiotensin 2, A2 stimulates aldosterone secretion
aldosterone also constricts BV further increasing BP

35
Q

Calcitriol production

A

Vit D cholecalciferol (skin + diet), covered to intermediate in liver, then to skin for activation, back to liver for calcitriol

36
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide

A

Right atrium detects high BP and releases this, it inhibits ADH and aldosterone, loss of water and ions lower blood volume

37
Q

Alpha cells

A

Secrete glucagon is islets
stimulates liver catabolism of glycogen to glucose for energy

38
Q

Beta cells

A

secrete insulin from islets
increase glucose absorption

39
Q

Delta cells

A

secrete somatostatin from islets
Inhibits metabolism and growth (less glucagon, less insulin)

40
Q

F cells

A

secrete pancreatic polypeptide from islets
inhibits gallbladder
regulates pancreatic enzymes

41
Q

Pineal glands

A

Part of epithalamus
pinealocytes secrete melatonin

42
Q

melatonin action

A

slows sperm, oocytes and reproductive organs
controls eepy

43
Q
A

Pharm 204 (19 decks)

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