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Pharm 204 > Heart stuffs > Flashcards

Heart stuffs Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs and returns O2 rich blood from lungs

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2
Q

systemic circuit

A

pumps O2 rich blood around body and returns O2 poor blood to heart

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3
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer layer of heart that provides strength and resistance

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4
Q

serous pericardium

A

contains two laters visceral (epicardium) and parietal layer outer layer

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5
Q

pericardial cavity

A

between the two layers of serous pericardium (visceral and parietal) layer of fluid

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6
Q

Heart layers

A

-epicardium (visceral)
-myocardium
-Endocardium

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7
Q

Heart muscle tissue

A

They are interconnected (intercalated discs)
-very high in mitochondria and myoglobin
-also very vascularized

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8
Q

Functional syncytium

A

Group of heart muscle cells that function together as result of their gap junctions

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9
Q

Conduction fibers

A

Very rapidly project APs through the myocardium

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10
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

SA node is superior in the right ventricle and is the “pacemaker”

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11
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

AV node passes on signal but adds delay for atrial contraction

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12
Q

Conduction pathway

A

1.SA node
2.Internodal pathway to AV
3.AV delay
4.Atrioventricaular bundle (bundle of His)
5.Splits right and left
6.Purkinje fibres reach far sections of ventricle

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13
Q

Phase 0

A

Increased Na+

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14
Q

Phase 1

A

Na+ permeability stops

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15
Q

Phase 2

A

Ca+ fast channels open
K+ close

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16
Q

Phase 3

A

K+ channels open for fast repolarization
Ca+ channels close

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17
Q

Phase 4

A

Resting potential

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18
Q

Heart efficiency variability

A

ANS effects SA, AV node to effect rate and cardiac cells and muscle to effect force

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19
Q

Cardioacceleratory center

A

in medulla this activates sympathetic neurons for NE release

20
Q

Cardioinhibitory center

A

Activates parasympathetic neurons and triggers vagus nerve

21
Q

Approx Blood volume in arteries

22
Q

Approx blood volume in veins

23
Q

Vein distension

A

Much more than arteries, up to 8 times (capacitance vessels) working as reservoirs for blood

24
Q

Layers of blood vessels (generally)

A

Adventitia (outside)
Media (muscle)
Intima (inner endothelium)

25
Q

What happens when blood vessels are cut?

A

Veins will collapse but arteries likely keep their shape

26
Q

Notable differences between veins and arteries

A

Veins can have one way values
Arteries have an inner and external elastic membrane separating the sections

27
Q

Artery types

A

-Elastic arteries (nearest the heart)
-Muscular arteries (Not near the heart closer to the tissues)
-arterioles

28
Q

Elastic arteries

A

BV nearest the heart 2.5cm
-provide recoil during distole to push blood
-eg Aorta, Brachiocephalic trunk, Pulmonary trunk

29
Q

Muscular arteries

A

have a very thick media section, will be most of the other arteries not hear the heart

30
Q

Arterioles

A

small arteries with very thin adventitia and incomplete muscle

31
Q

Capillaries

A

very small blood vessels only having the intima layer.

32
Q

Continuous BV

A

Complete endothelial lining allow for gas exchange

33
Q

Fenestrated BV

A

Endothelia not complete with fenestrations to let larger molecules through

34
Q

Sinusoidal BV

A

AKA discontinuous capillaries as endothelium is not complete with large pores

35
Q

Lymphatic return to blood

A

via the thoracic duct going to the right atrium

36
Q

ascending aorta

A

Right above the heart this has the coronary vessels branching from it. It becomes the aortic arch

37
Q

Aortic arch

A

the top of the aorta where it branches off to the systemic circuit becomes the decending aorta

38
Q

aortic arch branches

A

in order
1.brachiocephalic trunk
2.Left common carotid artery
3.Left subclavian artery
4.Descending aorta

39
Q

Brachiocephalic trunk branches

A

Becomes the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid

40
Q

Right subclavian branches

A

After the brachiocephalic trunk it becomes the
1.Right vertebral
2.Right thyrocervical trunk
3.Right internal thoracic

41
Q

Right axillary artery

A

the right subclavian becomes this, this continues down the arm

42
Q

right brachial artery

A

One of the artery branches traveling down the arm from the right axillary, becomes the right radial and ulnar.

43
Q

Left coronary artery

A

larger in diameter than the right one
-Larger to feed the left ventricle

44
Q

Right coronary artery

A

Smaller in diameter than the left one
-Has atrial branches to feed right atrium

45
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Deoxygenated return to the right atrium from coronary sinuses.

Pharm 204 (19 decks)

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