Cell/general anatomy Flashcards
Clinical anatomy
studies anatomical changes that occur during pathological illnesses
Cross sectional anatomy
using radiographic techniques to study cross sections of body
Sagittal plane
Cuts the body into left and right
Frontal plane
cuts the body into front and back
transverse plane
cuts the body into proximal and distal
Proteins synthesized on rough E.R
Are going to be excreted or go to an integral membrane organelle
Proteins in cytosol
either to mitochondria or peroxisomes
microfilaments
Made of actin
- anchor membrane proteins
- movement with myosin
intermediate filaments
Provide strength and keep organelle positions
Thick filaments
myosin used for movement
microtubules
Made of tubular proteins
-form cytoskeleton
-change shape of cell
Gq mechanism
1.PLC activates and converts PIP2 to IP3 and DAG
2.IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from ER
3.Ca2+ binds calmodulin and activates protein kinases
4.DAG activates protein kinase C
4 primary tissues
-Epithelial
-Connective
-Muscle
-Nervous
Epithelia features
-Avascular (no blood)
-Sheets that regenerate
-Cover external surfaces
-Polar (have basal and luminal ends)
Basal lamina
Secreted by epithelial cells to hold and secure cells
Reticular lamina
Secreted by connective tissue underneath epithelial cells to hold it in place
Squamous epithelia
Thin and flat
Cuboidal epithelia
Looks hexagonal, makes up ducts and tubes
Columnar epithelia
Long and thin make up linings
-makes pseudo stratified columnar
Glandular epithelia
like Serous (watery), Mucous or mixed glands
Secretory sheet
simplest glandular epithelia like lining of stomach
Tubular vs alveolar
alveolar have a bulb on the end of duct
Eccrine secretion
Uses secretory vesicles and exocytosis (eg, saliva)
Apocrine
Product is concentrated in part of the cell then that section is shed to release (eg mammary glands)
Holocrine
entire cell breaks apart to release product (eg sebaceous [oil] glands)
