Renal Flashcards
Left kidney position
slightly higher than right kidney
Three layers of tissue around kidney
Fibrous capsule (closest layer)
Perinephric fat
renal fascia (sac around both)
Hilum
entrance to the kidneys
arteries, veins, ureter
renal medulla sections
Pyramids
papillae
columns
Kidney lobe
each renal pyramid, cortex above and adjacent columns
kidney Calyx
Collecting ducts
major and minor
collect filtrate from papillary ducts. becomes urine now
Renal artery order
Segmental, interlobar, arcuate, cortical radiate, afferent
Renal vein order
Peritubular, efferent, cortical radiate, arcuate, interloper, renal vein
Renal sympathetic innervation
from celiac and inferior mesenteric ganglia via renal nerves
Vascular pole
afferent and efferent BV into glomerulus
Filtration barriers
Endothelial surface, Capillary endothelium, basement membrane, podocyte subspace
podocyte stucture
have filtration slits that are formed by the Long cellular foot projections
vasa recta
capillaries surrounding the loop to made Na gradient
Distal convoluted tubule
regulates ions and acids
causes reabsorption of more or less water
where kidney hormones are produced
juxtaglomerular complex
collecting system epithelium
simple cuboidal in collecting tubules, simple columnar in collecting. papillary ducts
Ureter to bladder
the ureteral orifces enter in the trigone area (low and posterior)
Ureter layers
inner mucosa (transitional epithelium)
middle muscular (longitudinal and circular SM)
Adventitia (continuous with kidney fibrous capsule)
Bladder position
maintained by ligaments
medial umbilical pigment
from the top
lateral umbilical ligaments
on the sides
Bladder structure
Rugae (folds) increase volume
trigone area funnels urine to urethra (also entrance)
detrusor layer of muscle
internal urethral sphincter
right below trigone area is under involuntary control
Male urethra
18-20cm long,
prostatic urethra (prostate)
membranous urethra (short as it passes through wall of pelvic cavity
spongy urethra (extends through penis)
Sympathetic bladder effect
inhibits detrusor muscle and contracts sphincters
Urine voiding reflex
happens at 200ml
stretch stimulates para activity detrusor muscle contracts and internal sphincter opens
renal aging
nephrons decrease 30-40% loss
GFR decrease
lowered response to ADH causing frequent urination
sphincters lose tone (hard to control)
