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Pharm 204 > BONES > Flashcards

BONES Flashcards

1
Q

Yellow marrow

A

made of adipocytes can be used as energy stores

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2
Q

Cortical bone

A

80% of bone 20% of remodelling
dense structural bone type

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3
Q

osteon

A

found in cortical bone
makes concentric layers

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4
Q

central Haversian canal

A

founding cortical bone, BV, nerves, fluid

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5
Q

Volkmann canals

A

found in cortical bone, transverse

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6
Q

canaliculi

A

found in cortical bone, links osteocytes lunicae

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7
Q

Trabecular bone

A

20% of bone 80% of remodelling
remodels from mechanical loading

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8
Q

what is bone made of

A

hydroxyapatite crystals
10:6 Ca:PO4 (matrix)
Collagen fibers (type 1)
increase tensile strength

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9
Q

Osteoblasts

A

immature bone cells
formed from mesenchymal cells
produce osteoid to do osteogenesis
close themselves in and become osteocytes

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10
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

Stem cells that sit on inner layer of periosteum and project to endosperm

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11
Q

osteoclasts

A

Multinucleated cells (50-150)
formed by fusion of recruited monocyte/macrophage
secrete acids for resorption

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12
Q

ARRF

A

bone remodelling
Activation- resorption- reversal- formation

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13
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Bone development from fibrous tissue

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14
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

bone forms from cartilage scaffold called anlage

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15
Q

Spicules

A

specific voids in intramembranous bone from BV envelopment by osteoblast activity

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16
Q

Intramembranous bones

A

Clavicle, mandible, skull/face

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17
Q

Chondrocytes

A

form cartilage

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18
Q

perichondria cells

A

form the periosteum in endochondral ossification

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19
Q

endochondral ossification

A

starts in the cartilage anlage when cells enlarge and grow outward, then die and are replaced by osteoblasts forming and primary ossification centre

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20
Q

secondary ossification center

A

found in the epiphysis also replacing cartilage with bone, extends bones

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21
Q

Epiphyseal growth plate

A

Gap of chondrocytes between primary and secondary ossification centres

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22
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

from the closure of the gap once growing is done

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23
Q

articular cartilage

A

cartilage at the end of bone as a cap

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24
Q

appositional growth

A

Periosteum layer keeps growing outwards using circumferential lamellae while forming osteons around BV

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25
Q

Bone BV

A

Nutrient artery
metaphyseal
epiphyseal
periosteal

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26
Q

Nutrient artery

A

Enters the diaphysis and branches towards epiphysis
enters at nutrient foramen

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27
Q

Medullary cavity

A

within long bones contains BV and nerves

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28
Q

Metaphyseal BV

A

Supplies the diaphysial side of epiphysis

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29
Q

Epiphyseal BV

A

supplies cavities of epiphysis

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30
Q

Periosteal BV

A

supplies the superficial osteons

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31
Q

Vit A/C on bones

A

A stimulates osteoblasts
C is needed for collagen formation and osteoblast differentiation

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32
Q

Calcitriol (Vit D)

A

Causes Ca and PO4 absorption

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33
Q

PTH on bones

A

Stimulates osteroclasts (indirect)
Stimulates osteoblasts
over all increases Ca in blood

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34
Q

Calcitonin on bones

A

inhibits osteoclasts

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35
Q

thyroxine on bones

A

maintains normal epiphyseal growth

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36
Q

GH on bones

A

maintains regular growth

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37
Q

androgens on bones

A

Both stimulate osteoblast activity, this is faster than epiphyseal cartilage growth leading to closure

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38
Q

Sutrual bones

A

Bones found in-between skull bones from other ossification centres

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39
Q

Pneumatized Bones

A

Hollow or contain many air pockets (ethmoid bone)

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40
Q

Short bones

A

Boxlike bones, many round in wrists

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41
Q

Irregular bones

A

Bones with many processes and angles (vertebrae)

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42
Q

Flat bones

A

large and flat, have thick layers of dense bone

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43
Q

Long bones

A

Long bones

44
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

small, round and flat, usually not connected to other bone, within ligaments or tendons

45
Q

Ramus

A

extension of bone that forms a angle with the rest of the bone

46
Q

foramen

A

rounded passageway for BV, nerves

47
Q

sulcus

A

narrow groove

48
Q

tuberosity

A

rough projection (ligament connection point)

49
Q

Tubercule

A

small rounded projection

50
Q

condyle

A

smooth rounded articular process

51
Q

axial skeleton

A

80 bones (skull, ear, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs)

52
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones (limbs, pelvis, pectorals)

53
Q

Maxillae

A

paired, forms hard mouth plate and lower medial side of eye

54
Q

zygomatic bone

A

paired, forms lateral side of eye

55
Q

occipital bone

A

Foramen magnum (spine)
Occipital condyles (articulates with atlas)

56
Q

Parietal bone

A

Paired and joined in middle

57
Q

Frontal bone

A

just one forms top of eyes and intersects nasal bones

58
Q

Temporal bone

A

Paired

59
Q

Sphenoid

A

one bone that forms back of eye sockets
has sella turcica for pituitary

60
Q

Ethmoid

A

Cuboid in shape
Perpendicular plate forms nasal septum(with vomer) and nasal conchae (middle and superior)
with lots of sinuses.

61
Q

Hyoid bone

A

in neck, suspended by stylohyoid ligaments

62
Q

Lamboid suture

A

occipital and parietal bones

63
Q

Sagittal suture

A

between two parietal bones

64
Q

coronal suture

A

Frontal bone and two parietal

65
Q

Squamous suture

A

temporal and parietal

66
Q

Frontonasal suture

A

nasal bones and frontal bone

67
Q

Vomer

A

small bone in the middle of the nose

68
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Forms the medial side of orbits and nose

69
Q

Palatine bones

A

Make up roof of mouth after the maxilla stop

70
Q

Nasal bones

A

Two bones that form the bridge of the nose

71
Q

Inferior nasal conchae bones

A

Make up the inferior conchae

72
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal (2)
sphenoidal (2)
maxillary (2)
ethmoid (6)

73
Q

Fontanelles

A

membranous areas that bones will develop in skull

74
Q

anterior fontanelle

A

Top of head between frontal and parietal

75
Q

Posterior fontanelle

A

Between parietal and occipital

76
Q

Sphenoidal fontanelles

A

TemplesM

77
Q

Mastoid fontanelles

A

partial, temporal, occipital

78
Q

Curves of the spine

A

Cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
Makes an S

79
Q

Atlas bone

A

Does not have a body
allows for Yes movement
has the largest foramen

80
Q

Axis bone

A

Articulates with atlas with Dens and transverse ligament for NO movement

81
Q

Sacrum

A

formed from 5 fused vertebrae

82
Q

Coccyx

A

3-5 fused vertebrae
male points forwards
females point backwards

83
Q

True ribs/ vertebrosternal

A

1-7 attached to spine and sternum

84
Q

vertebrochondral ribs

A

8-10 attached to spine but just cartilage in front

85
Q

Floating ribs/vertebral

A

11-12 no anterior connection

86
Q

Sternum

A

Manubrium (circle at top)
jugular notch for trachea
Body
Xiphoid process

87
Q

Glenoid cavity

A

Socket for the humerus in the pectoral girdle

88
Q

Coracoid process (crows beak)

A

on the front of the pectoral is attachment point for ligaments

89
Q

acromion

A

on the back of the pectoral girdle articulates with clavicle

90
Q

Proximal humerus structures

A

surgical neck (on main bone)
Anatomical neck (on tubercle head)

91
Q

Distal humerus structures

A

Capitulum (raduis connect)
Trochlea (ulna connect)

92
Q

Ulna proximal structures

A

Olecranon (elbow)
coronoid process (other side of articulate for humorous.

93
Q

ulna distal structures

A

ulna styloid process (little post)
head

94
Q

Radius proximal structures

A

head
radial tuberosity

95
Q

Radius distal structures

A

radial styloid process (anchors the wrist)

96
Q

Wrist bones

A

Pisiform
triquetrum
lunate
scaphoid
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

97
Q

Wrist bone pneumonic

A

Planet, typhym, losses, six, thousand, tons, consistently, hella bad

98
Q

Hip bones

A

called coxal bone made of three parts
ilium, ischium, pubis

99
Q

Pelvic inlet/outlet

A

inlet in biggest point between opening
Outlet is smallest point between lower part

100
Q

Femur proximal structures

A

Fovea capitis (pit in head that provides ligament spaces)

101
Q

Femur distal structures

A

medial/ lateral condyle

102
Q

fabella

A

small sesamoid bones that form in ligaments

103
Q

Tibia distal structures

A

medial malleolus (ankle bump)

104
Q

Tarsal bones

A

Calcaneus
talus
navicular
cuboid
medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform

105
Q

Fibula distal structures

A

lateral malleolus (ankle bump)

106
Q

liking little picky eaters

A

Pharm 204 (19 decks)

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