Repro Physio Flashcards
Positive urine/serum hcg indicates what?
Probable pregnancy
What is chadwicks sign and what does it indicate
Purple- blue discolouration of cervix/vagina- indicates probable pregnancy
Cycle length
give luteal and follicular specifically
Luteal length is ALWAYS 14 days long!
Follicular can vary
Cycle length av- 28 days
What secretes oestrogen
Granulosa cells
Where dors fertillisation occur
Ampulla
What antibody can pass through placenta
IgG- g for gestation
What does hcg from placenta do
Prevents inovulation of corpus luteum
Develops testes in males
What does human chorionic somatomammotropin (from placenta) do
Produced from week 5 of pregnancy
Decreases insulin sensitivity in mother> increases glucose for baby
What does progesterone from placenta do
Dec uterus contractility
Preps for lactation
Stimulates breast lobules
Smooth muscle relaxant
What does oestrogen from placenta do
Inc size of uterus
Develops breast ductal system
Dec FSH + LH production
inc uterine contractions
What are physiological changes to mum during pregnancy
(7)
Increased plasma volume+ fat stores
(therefore hb concentration dec)
inc cortisol
inc aldostreone
inc meloncytes
dec insulin senstivity
in t3t4
vasodilation- dec bp- everything relaxes- constipation, GORD,
What do the three physiological pregnancy changes women undergo and how that affects drug use
Inc plasma vol & fat stores» inc vol. of distribution
Inc liver metabolism»> puts more stress on liver
Dec protein binding due to lower albumin levels»»> inc amount of free drug in the body
stages of fertilisation from ovulation to implantation
ovulation> fertillisation> cleavage> morula> blastocyst> implantation
what part of blastocyst makes embryo/placenta
inner cells- embryo
outer cells - placenta
1st stage of labour
0-4 cm- latent:
6-10cm- active, 1.2-1.5cm per hour
cervix thins
babyes head engages- presses on cervix> oxytocin release (inc contractility and positive feedback as stimulates prostoglandins which further inc uterine contractility)
2nd stage of labour- cardinal movemements
1- desecent- jhead moves into inlet
2- engagement
3. flexion- chin presses against chest
4.- internal rotation- foetal shoulders rotate 45 degrees so sit diagonally within inlet to match the widest part of the inlet
5- extension- from vagina
6- restitution- head externally rotates
7.- expulsion- anterior shouldre> posterior shoulder> rest of baby
what indicates prolonged second stage nulliparous women
prolonged if> 3 hours with regional anaesthesia
or if >2 hours without anaesthesia
multiparous women- what indicates prolonged second stage
prolonged is >2 hours with regional anaesthesia
or
>1 hours without regional anaesthesia
time period for prolonged third stage
active management (eg with oxytocin)= >30 mins
passive> 60 ,ins
Leydig cells function
Produced testosterone in response to leutinising hormone
Sertoli cells function
Support protect and nourish developing sperm via spermatogenic cells
What do fsh and LH act on/do in males
FSH acts in sertoli cells- spermatogenesis
LH acts on leydig cells> testosterone production
