Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

year 3. > Repro Other > Flashcards

Repro Other Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Ectopic pregnancy vs miscarriage symptoms

A

Ectopic: pain mainly, dull ache, sharp stabbing

Miscarriage: mainly bleeding rather than pain, experience period cramp pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What needs to be assessed to gauge whether someone requires a scan for TOP
(7)

A
  • pain/ bleeding?
  • <16yrs
  • does patient want a scan
    -IUD/IUS in situ?
  • hx of PID/ chlamydia
  • hx of ectopic pregnancy
  • known tubal disease/previous sterillisation
  • unsure of LMP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of ovarian tumours are more common in women under 40

A

Germ cell tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of cancer are most endometrial carcinomas

A

adenocarcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the inheritance of lynch syndrome and what kind of uterine cancer does it cause

A

autosomal dominant

endometrial carcinoma TYPE 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ixfor tumours caused by lynch syndrome

A

immunohistochemistry staining of tumour for mismatch repair proteins

microsatellite instability (characteristic of defective mismatch pair)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TP53 mutation associated with which cancer

A

endometrial carcinoma type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

type 1 or type 2 endometrial carcinoma: which is more agressive

A

Type 2, spreads along fallopian tube mucosa and peritoneal surfaces so can present with extrauterine disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the presence of … gives carcinosarcoma the worst prognosis

A

rhabdomyosarcomatous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

endometroid and mucinous adenocarcinoma are what type of endometrial cancer

A

type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

type 2 endometrial cancer: what type of cancers

A

serous and clear cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the causative organism for syphilis
give type of organism too

A

treponema pallidum I - spirochete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which strains of hpv associated with cervical cancer

A

HPV 16 and 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which strains of HPV associated with genital warts

A

HPV 6 and 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

contraindications to HRT

A

hx of breast cancer/ endometrial cancer
CHD, TIA, stroke
active liver disease
unexplained vaginal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does the combined oral contraceptive supress fertility.

A

progesterone & oestrogen together have a negative effect on HPG axis (negative feedback)
this prevents the LH surge from occurring= oocyte is not released (prevents ovulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

type 1 vs type 2 vasa praevia

A

type 1:Type I when the vessel is connected to a velamentous umbilical cord
Type II when it connects the placenta with a succenturiate or accessory lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cholestatic LFTS vs Hepatic

A

cholestatic: greater ratio of ALP:ALT

hepatic: higher ratio of ALT: ALP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what contraceptive is most associated with weight gain

A

injectable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Contraceptives - time until effective (if not first day period):IUD

A

instant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Contraceptives - time until effective (if not first day period): pop

A

2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what Contraceptives take 7 days to be effective (if not first day period)

A

coc, injection, implant, ius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when should methotrexate be stopped before conception in both dad / mum

Study These Flashcards
A

both partners must stop 6 months before conception

24
Q

placenta increta vs placenta accreta vs placent perceta

Study These Flashcards
A

abnormal placentation,

placenta accreta: chorionic villi attach to myometrium but do not deeply invade it

placenta increta: chorionic villi invade myometrium but not deep enough to reach perimetrium

(increta deeper)

perceta: invades perimetrium

25
what is the role of oestrogen regarding menstrual cycle
thins cervical mucus thickens endometrium (hyperplasia)
26
what is the role of progesterone regarding the menstrual cycle
thickens cervical mucus increases gland secretion increases blood flow to uterus thickens and maintains endometrium
27
what does progesterone medication end in
strel eg. levonogestrel
28
COC: if 1 missed pill
take the last pill even if it means taking two pills in one day and then continue taking pills daily, one each day no additional contraceptive protection needed (it doesn't matter when in the cycle)
29
COC: if 2 or more missed pills in week one of cycle
take last missed pill & continue on as normal condoms/no sex till taken 7 pills over7 days in a row emergency contraception should be considered if she had unprotected sex in the pill-free interval or in week 1
30
COC: if 2 or more missed pills in week 2 of cycle
take the last pill even if it means taking two pills in one day, leave any earlier missed pills and then continue taking pills daily, one each day the women should use condoms or abstain from sex until she has taken pills for 7 days in a row. FSRH: 'This advice may be overcautious in the second and third weeks, but the advice is a backup in the event that further pills are missed' *no need for emergency contraception
31
COC: if 2 or more missed pills in week 3 of cycle what days are week three
days 15-21 start a new pack the next day; thus omitting the pill free interval take the last pill even if it means taking two pills in one day, leave any earlier missed pills and then continue taking pills daily, one each day the women should use condoms or abstain from sex until she has taken pills for 7 days in a row. FSRH: 'This advice may be overcautious in the second and third weeks, but the advice is a backup in the event that further pills are missed'
32
miscarriage types
threatened inevitable incomplete complete missed
33
when can a miscarriage occur
<24 weeks (otherwise its a stillbirth)
34
when does gestational hypertension occur
>20 weeks
35
when in pregnancy timeline does hyperemesis gravidarum occur
before 20 weeks
36
what age is a risk factor for infertility
>35
37
first degree tear (after labour) involves...
Tear limited to the superficial perineal skin or vaginal mucosa only
38
second degree tear (labour) involves
Tear extends to perineal muscles and fascia, but the anal sphincter is intact (episiotomy is anatomically classified as second degree)
39
third degree tear (labour)
3a: <50% of the thickness external anal sphincter is torn 3b: >50% of the thickness of the external anal sphincter is torn, but internal anal sphincter is intact 3c: external and internal anal sphincters are torn, but anal mucosa is intact
40
4th degree tear (labour) involves
Perineal skin, muscle, anal sphincter and anal mucosa are torn
41
what are some drugs that should be avoided during breastfeeding
some abx (not penicillins but) psychiatric drugs: lithium, benzodiazepines,clozapine aspirin carbimazole methotrexate amiodarone
42
what babies in utero are at higher risk of folic deficiency
them/partner has hx of Neural Tube Defects mother taking antiepileptic drugs/ has coeliac/ has thalassemia trait woman is obese (bmi >/=30)
43
pregnant women are screened for anaemia at 8-10 weeks & 28 weeks. what are their haemoglobin cut offs for intervention
First trimester < 110 g/L Second/third trimester < 105 g/L Postpartum < 100 g/L
44
what day does ovulation occur on
day 14 (for a 28 day cycle) or 14 days before start of next cycle
45
HRT and cancer
oestrogen only inc risk of endometrial cancer adding progesterone mitigates that risk oestrogen slightly inc risk of breast cancer. adding progesterone further inc risk of breast cancer (prog worse for breasts than oestrogen) oestrogen only and hrt both slightly inc risk of ovarian cancer
46
what cancer does the combined oral contraceptive pill increase the risk of
breast and cervical cancer
47
what cancer is the combined oral contraceptive pill protective against
ovarian and endometrial cancer
48
fundal height- when/ where palpate
20 weeks palpable at umbillicus 36 weeks palpable at xiphoid sternum
49
risk factors for abruption
ABRUPTION: A for Abruption previously; B for Blood pressure (i.e. hypertension or pre-eclampsia); R for Ruptured membranes, either premature or prolonged; U for Uterine injury (i.e. trauma to the abdomen); P for Polyhydramnios; T for Twins or multiple gestation; I for Infection in the uterus, especially chorioamnionitis; O for Older age (i.e. aged over 35 years old); N for Narcotic use (i.e. cocaine and amphetamines, as well as smoking)
50
mcroberts manouevre position
(for shoulder dystocia) supine with both hips fully felxed and abducted
51
high risk factors for pre-eclampsia
hypertensive disease previous pregnancy CKD autoimmune disease eg. SLE or APP syndrome t1 or t2 diabetes chronic hypertension
52
moderate risk factors pre-eclampsia
first pregnancy age 40 years or older pregnancy interval of more than 10 years BMI 35 or more at first visit FHx of pre-eclampsia multiple pregnancy- as in twins
53
When is miscarriage a potential diagnosis
Before 24 weeks !!!!!
54
most common causative organism for pelvic inflammatory disease
chlamydia trochamitis
55
what is diagnostic of a miscarriage on ultrasound
us showing no cardiac activity and crown-rump length is greater than 7mm or gestational sack is greater than 25mm

year 3. (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions