anatomy

Question 1

what are the functions of the frontal lobe

Answer 1

primary motor cortex (so movement)
executive functions; planning, decision making, inhibition
Brocas area (found in dominant hemisphere of frontal lobe) (comprehension)

Question 2

brocas aphasia vs wernickes aphasia

Answer 2

brocas aphasia: comprehension is good but people cant find the words they want to use- loss of speech or conjunctives etc however they make sense as comprehension loss is minimised

wernickes aphasia: comprehension bad, speech normal. this presents as someone not having a problem putting a sentence together however the sentence will not make sense.

Question 3

where is wernickes area found

Answer 3

posterior segment of the superior temporal gyrus in dominant hemisphere

Question 4

what is the function of the parietal lobe

Answer 4

primary somatosensory cortex (sensation)

Question 5

temporal lobe function

(2)

Answer 5

primary auditory cortex (hearing)
wernickes area (found in dominant hemisphere)

Question 6

occipital lobe function

Answer 6

primary visual cortex

Question 7

insula lobe function

Answer 7

pain perception

Question 8

mnemonic for remembering what nerves are motor/sensory

Answer 8

S= sensory, M=motor, B=both
Some- Olfactory
Say- Optic
Marry- Oculomotor
Money- Trochlear
But - Trigeminal
My - Abducens
Brother- Facial
Says - Vestibulochlear
Big - Glossopharyngeal
Brains - Vagus
Matter - Accessory
Most - Hypoglossal

Question 9

mnemonic for remembering the names of the cranial nerves

Answer 9

Oh, Olfactory
Oh, Optic
Oh, Oculomotor
To, Trochlear
Touch, Trigeminal
And, Abducens
Feel, Facial
Virgin, Vestibulocochlear
Girls, Glossopharyngeal
Vagina, vagus
And, Accessory
Hymen, Hypoglossal

Question 10

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply

Answer 10

predominantly medial brain, anterior frontal lobe and superior convexity of frontal/parietal lobe.

frontal- judgement, impulse behaviour
medial- lower limbs
high convexity- trunk

Question 11

what does the middle cerebral artery supply
and what what is affected if occluded

(2)
(3)

Answer 11

lateral sides of brain
basal ganglia

parietal- upper body sensory
frontal-upper body motor,facial droop
if dominant hemisphere: brocas and wernickes affected

Question 12

what do the posterior cerebral arteries mainly supply

Answer 12

cerebellum, occipital lobe, midbrain, thalamus, inferomedial temopral lobe

cerebellum: ataxia, breathing, blood pressure etc
occipital lobe: visual cortex (would cause homonoyous hemianopia with macular sparing)

Question 13

somatosensory cortex - where is it in relation to gyrus

Answer 13

somatosensory is postcentral gyrus

Question 14

motor cortex- what gyrus

Answer 14

Precentral gyrus

Question 15

dorsal column/medial lemniscus pathway function
when does it cross the midline

Answer 15

fine touch, vibration and proprioception

at the medulla

Question 16

spinothalamic pathway function
when does it cross the midline

Answer 16

pain and temperature

segmentally

Question 17

corticospinal tract function

where does it cross the midline

Answer 17

voluntary movement of the contralateral side

lateral tract (85%) crosses at decussation of pyramids
anterior tract crosses segmentally

Question 18

what artery is at risk during laparoscopy for uterus

Answer 18

inferior epigastric artery (branch of illiac)

Question 19

where does the inferior epigastric artery emerge from and then passes in … direction

Answer 19

emerges from external illiac artery just medial to deep inguinal ring

passes in a superomedial direction posterior to rectus abdominis

Question 20

how to differentiate between the ureter and uterine artery

Answer 20

the ureter passes inferior to the artery (water under the bridge)

the ureter will often “vermiculate” when touched (visible spontaneous peristalsis)

Question 21

what arteries supply the medulla

Answer 21

posterior inferior cerebral arteries (PICA) (branch of vertebral A)
vertebral arteries
spinal arteries

Question 22

what arteries supply the pons

Answer 22

pontine arteries
superior cerabellar arteries
AICA (anterior inferior cerebllar arteries)

(branches of the basilar artery)

Question 23

what arteries supply the midbrain

Answer 23

posterior cerebral arteries (branch of basilar)

Question 24

what is the name of the structure which connects the lateral ventricles to third ventricle

Answer 24

Intraventricular foramina (of Monroe)

Question 25

what structure connects the third ventricle to fourth

Answer 25

Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)

Question 26

what structure connects fourth ventricle to subarachnoid space

Answer 26

Foramen of Magendie and foramina of Luschka

Question 27

where in the fallopian tube do ectopic pregnancies most commonly occur

Answer 27

in the ampulla (also where conception occurs)

Question 28

Water under the bridge- pelvic anatomy

Answer 28

Ureter goes under the uterine artery

Question 29

nipple verterbral level

Answer 29

nipple is T4

Question 30

umbillicus verterbral level

Answer 30

T10