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year 3. > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Fill in the blanks
What is the function of the blanks

A

Secretes mucous for lubrication for intercourse

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2
Q

Draw homunculus (need to know what is affected depending on where homunculus is affected)

A
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3
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
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4
Q

Where does the coronary sinus drain

A

Right atrium

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5
Q

Midgut supply

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

Foregut supply

A

Celiac artery

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7
Q

Hindgut supply

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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8
Q

What are the boundaries of the foregut, midgut, hindgut

A
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9
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
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10
Q

What muscle is highlighted green
Function
Nerve supply

A

Bulbouspongiosis

Assists in erection of clitoris/bulb of vestibule, supports perineal body

Deep branch of pudendal (s2,3,4)

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11
Q

What muscle here is highlighted red

A

Bulbouspongiosis

Compresses bulb of penis during urination/ ejaculation, assists in erection of penis, supports perineal body

Deep branch s2,3,4

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12
Q

Lateral gaze palsy- what berve

A

Abducens

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13
Q

What way does trochlear nerve mive eye

and wht muscle

A

Superior rectus
Moves eye to down and out position
(Mind muscle is attached posteriorly)

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14
Q

Blood supply to uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)

A

Uterine + ovarian arteries

(Ovarian branches from abdo aorta
Uterine branch of internal illiac)

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15
Q

Area highlighted in pink

A

Corpus callosum

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16
Q

Fill in blanks

A

note:
3rd ventricle is near hypothalamus
4th is anterior to cerebellum

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17
Q

Wheres the lesion for each

A
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18
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
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19
Q

Fill in the blanks

A

note: what is labeled here as spinal nerves are actually the rami. the spinal nerve is when the roots join

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20
Q

What type of neurons are blue and pink

A
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21
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
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22
Q

Perineum visceral afferents

A

(Skin between anus and vagina etc)
Somatosensory- pudendal (s2,3,4)

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23
Q

Pelvis visceral afferents

A

Touching peritoneum/superior- follows sympathetics back, T11-L2
(Uterine tubes, ovaries, uterus)

Not touching peritonium/more inferior- follows parasympathetic back (s2,3,4)

(Vagina, cervix, perineal muscles etc)

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24
Q

Fill in the blanks (position of uterus)

A
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25
Q

Injury to pelvic floor muscles/ levator ani cause what condition

A

Stress incontinence

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26
Q

Fill in the blanks
Important to note this is the superior view

A
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27
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
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28
Q

uvula deviated to the right- what cranial nerve and what side

A

left sided vagus

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29
Q

Fill in blanks- cranial nerve and foramina

A
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30
Q

What lymph nodes do the testes drain

A

Para aortic

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31
Q

What lymph nodes does the scrotum drain into

A

Superficial inguinal

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32
Q

Where does lymph from glans of penis drain

A

Deep inguinal

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33
Q

What is transmitted through the jugular foramen

A

Inferior petrosal sinus
Internal jugular vein
CNIX (glossophayrngeal)
CNX (vagus)
CNXI (spinal accessory)

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34
Q

What clinical symptoms would be experienced if tumour in jugular foramen

A

-Glosso/vagus- dysphagia
- Headache (from blocked internal jugular vein)

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35
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
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36
Q

Draw out regions of face that are innervated by their specific nerve for sensation

A
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37
Q

Fill in the blanks AND write down from what part of the brain each of these cranial nerves come from

A

CN I- frontal
CN II- frontal
CN III- midbrain/pontine junction
CN IV- MIDBRAIN
CNV- PONS
VI, VII, VIII- pontine-medulla junction
IX, X, XI - MEDULLA OBLONG.
XII- MEDULLA OBLONG.

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38
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
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39
Q

Path of pudendal nerve

A

Exits via greater sciatic foramen and then enters lesser sciatic foramen

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40
Q

Gluteus muscles action

A

Extension and abduction of hip joint

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41
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
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42
Q

Spinal anaesthetic- what are the layers it goes through

and for epidural

A

Skin (L3/L4)
Fat
Supraspinius ligament
Interspinous
Ligamentum flavum
Epidural fat
Dura
Arachnoid matter
And into the subarachnoid space where spinal cord is
(Between arachnoid and pia)

epidural stops at epidural fat

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43
Q

What lymph nodes do the ovaries drain to

A

Para aortic/lumbar

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44
Q

Skin of anterior thigh nerve innervation

A

Femoral

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45
Q

Skin of anterior leg nerve and dorsum of foot innervation

A

lateral cutaneous
saphenous
deep peroneal
superficial peroneal
sural

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46
Q

What are these muscles

A

Ischiocabernous- helps clitoris erection

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47
Q

What are these muscles

A

Ischiocabernous- helps clitoris erection

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48
Q
A

Ischiocavernous- helps with erection

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49
Q

Name regions of abdo

A
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50
Q

Pathway of sperm

A

Semineferous tubules> retes testis> head of epidydmis> body of epidydmis> vas deferens (which travels through spermatic cord ipon leaving scrotum)> ampulla of ductus deferens> ejaculatory duct then joins prostatic urethra
The rest is history
(ejaculatory duct also recieves seminal fluid seperately)

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51
Q

What is the red

A

Sacral promontory

(Superior part of sacrum which articulates with L5 vertebrae)

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52
Q

what is the green and what view is this

A

ischial spine
posterior

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53
Q

what is the white line that is the junction below the vagina and above the rectum and its clinicla relavance

A

perineal body

epiostomy carried out in labour to avoid uncontrolled tearing of perineal body.

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54
Q

most commonly injured artery in laparotomy

A

inferior epigastric artery

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55
Q

name circled part

A

lamina

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56
Q

Name the blanks

A
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57
Q

Name the sulci

A
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58
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle drain

A

Central spinal canal and subarachnoid cisterns

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59
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

Maintains homeostais

By influencing autonomic nervous system, endocrine hormones, somatostatin, dopamine

60
Q

Where is brocas

A

inferior frontal gyrus of dominant hemisphere
(usually the left)

61
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

Sensation

62
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

Hearing, processing emotions (manage TEMPer)

63
Q

Cingulate gyrus function

A

Experience of pain

64
Q

name the fossa

A

1- posterior cranial fossa
2. anterior cranial fossa
3. middle cranial fossa

65
Q

sensory supply for dura matter

A

CNV

66
Q

how is CSF sampled

A

lumbar puncture at L3/L4

67
Q

what level of spine does subarachnoid space end

A

s2

68
Q

what is the falx cerebri

A

dura that seperates right and left cerebral hemispheres

69
Q

Name the venous structures (veins/sinuses)

A

Facial veins bottom right

70
Q

what are the arteries that supply the brain and via what cavities do they enter the skull

A

intetrnal carotid- via carotid canal

vertebral arteries - via foramen magnum
(travel up through vertebrae via transverse foramina)

71
Q

name the herniations

A

subfalcine depresses anterior cerebral artery

tonsillar herniation affect brainstem ie depresses respiratory centre

72
Q

Name the cranial nerves

A
73
Q

motor innervation of trigeminal

A

open and closes jaw
open- masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid

closing- lateral pterygoid

74
Q

what nerve innervates the orange (skin over angle of mandible and some of the external ear)

A

the great auricular nerve, C2, C3
branch of cervical plexus

75
Q

clinical test of hypoglossal nerve

A

protrusion of tongue- will protude to affected side

76
Q

clinical test for spinal accessory nerve

A

turning of head, shrugging of shoulders

77
Q

clinical test for vestibulocochlear nerve

A

rinnes and webers.

78
Q

clinical test for facial nerve

A

power of muscles of facial expression

79
Q

how to test trigeminal nerve

A

facial sensations, power of mastication

80
Q

name the numbers (7, 9, 6,10, 11) and what part of the nervous system is this nerve?

A

7- shwann cell so it is in PNS
9- node of ranvier (saltatory conduction)
10- axon
6- where energy production occurs (mitochondria)
11- myelin sheath

81
Q

name the numbers

A
82
Q

name pyramidal tract

A
83
Q

name the extrapyramidal tracts

A
84
Q

name the dorsal column medial leminiscus tract

A
85
Q

name the spinothalamic tracts

A
86
Q

what level does the spinal cord end

A

L2

87
Q

how many spinal nerves (cervical, thoracic, lumbar sacral, coccygeal)

A

cerical - 8
thoracic- 12
lumbar- 5
sacral- 5
coccygeal- 1

88
Q

what bony landmark is 1

A

anterior arch of atlas

89
Q

what is 2 pointing at

A

facet joint between C3&C4

90
Q

what is 3 pointing at

A

C4/C5 intervertebral disc

91
Q

what is 4 pointing at and what nerve is it

A

intervertebral foramina and C7 spinal nerve

92
Q

what vertebrae? be specific

A

atypical c6

93
Q

what vertebrae?

A

atlas- (C1)

94
Q

what vertebrae?

A

typical lumbar

95
Q

what vertebrae?

A

typical thoracic vertebra

96
Q

what spinal nerve innervates sensation from suprapubic region (dermatomes)

A

t12 spinal nerve

97
Q

what is likely to innervate the 1st web soace if the foot- what dermatome

A

L5 spinal nerve

(deep peroneal)

98
Q

what is likely to innervate the middle finger

A

median nerve

99
Q

what is likely to innervate the heel- what spinal nerve (dermatome)

A

s1 spinal nerve

100
Q

dermatomes- posterior scalp neck and shoulder what nerves

A

C2-C4

101
Q

referred pain from myocardium? what nerves

A

T1-T2

hence MI causes shooting pain down arm (left)

102
Q

what nerve for anatomical snuff box

A

radial nerve

103
Q

which nerves affected in erbs palsy

A

C5-C6

MOA of injury- pulling on head away from shoulder. commonly- shoulder dystocia when dr trying to pull body out

104
Q

which nerves affected in klumpkes palsy

A

C8-T1

moa of injury- pulling on arm, over adduction of arm

105
Q

what are the different plexues

A

all formed from ventral rami

cervical- C1-c4
brachial- c5-T1
lumbar- L1-L4
sacral - L5-S4

106
Q

what does the cervical plexus innervate

A

posterior scalp, neck and diaphragm (phrenic)

107
Q

what does the lumbar plexus innervate

A

lower limb

108
Q

what does the sacral plexus innervate

A

lower limb, gluteal region and perineum

109
Q

label the what the yellow lines are pointing at

A
110
Q

name these ligaments (including the where the tiny black spot id top right - was an arrow i accidentally snipped off)

A
111
Q

name

A

broad ligament- helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position

round ligament passes through deep inguinal ring

112
Q

what is the function of the round ligament and its clinical relavance

A

embryological remnant

stretches in pregnancy- source of pain

113
Q

where does implantation of the zygote take place

A

body of uterus

114
Q

what is different regarding pubic arch in males and females

A

the angle of the pubic arch is bigger in females

115
Q

pudendal nerve block- where is it done and how is guided

A

perineum, ischial spine acts as a landmark to guide where to inject

116
Q

what is circled

A

levator ani

117
Q

what rotation is the babys head in when
a) entering pelvic inlet
b)entering pelvic outlet

A

a) occiput transverse
b) occiputanterior

118
Q

how can a clinician know the position of baby during labour

A

via palpating fontanelles

119
Q

what are the arrows pointing at

A
120
Q

what are the arrows pointing at

A
121
Q

are rectal muscles cut in a Lower Segment Casarean Section (LSCS)

A

no

122
Q

what should be avoided during a hysterectomy

A

avoid cutting ureter. aim is to cut the uterine artery

123
Q

what ribs do the female breasts extend from

A

ribs 2-6

124
Q

how does the breast attach to skin

A

via suspensory ligaments

125
Q

what nerves innervate the breasts and what type of fibres

A

4th to 6th intercostal nerves- sensory and sympathetic efferent fibres.

126
Q

lymphatic drainage of breasts

A

most to axillary lymph nodes (level 1, 2, 3)

lymph from inner quadrants > parasternal lymph nodes

127
Q
A
128
Q
A

internal pudendal artery is a branch of internal illiac artery

129
Q

Name the dark orange

A
130
Q

Name the light orange

A
131
Q

Name the light green and dark green

A
132
Q

Name the yellow

A
133
Q

Name the pink

A
134
Q

Name the light blue

A
135
Q

Name the red brown and black (brown and black are the 2 below the red)

A
136
Q

Fill in the blanks for the three on the left (dark green, dark brown, dark blue)

A
137
Q

Fill in the blanks for two in the middle (orange and majenta)

A
138
Q

green muscle

A

puborectalis (part of levator ani)

139
Q

green muscle

A

pubococcygeus (part of levator ani)

140
Q

green muscle

A

illiococcygeus (part of levator ani)

141
Q

Name the pink

A

X

142
Q

Name the yellow

A

dura is black line

this looks like t2 weighted MRI- fat and water are bright (discs have a high water content)

143
Q

Name the purple

A
144
Q

name the pubic bones (red yellow and green)

A

red- illium
green- ischium
yellow- pubis

145
Q

Name ligaments and foramina

A
146
Q

erection and ejaculation- sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

Erection- parasympathetic
Ejaculation- sympathetic

Point (ejaculation) and Shoot (sympathetic)

147
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord

A

Purple D*** Contributes To A Good Sex Life

pampiniform plexus. ductus deferens. cremestaric artery. testicular artery. artery for ductus deferens. (branch of) genitofemoral nerve.sympathetics. lymphatics

year 3. (32 decks)

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