Neuroanatomy/physio/pharm Flashcards
Radial nerve root
C5-T1
Median nerve root
C6- T1
Lateral cutaneous thigh nerve root
L2,3
Nerve root supply of deep tendon reflexes
S1,s2- ankle jerk- tibial
L3,L4- knee jerk- femoral
C5, C6- bicep and brachioradialis jerk
C7, C8 - triceps
What nerve root abducts shoulder and what muscle involved
C5 deltoid
Adduction of shoulder: nerve root and muscles
C7 pec major and lat dorsi
Finger flexion- nerves
C8, digit flexors
Extension of fingers: muscle and nerve root
Digit extensors and c7
Abduction of finger joints- muscle and nerve root
Dorsal interossei, T1
Adduction of fingers- muscle and nerve root/ nerve
Palmar interossei and T1- ulnar
Elbow joint flexion- muscle and nerve root
Biceps brachii, C5, C6
Extension of elbow joint- muscle and nerve roots
Triceps brachii and c7,c8
Wrist joint flexion: muscle wnd nerve root
Carpal flexors, c6, C7
Wrist joint extension, muscle and nerve roots
Carpal extensors and C6, C7
Hip joint flexion- muscle and nerve root
Psoas major and L2,L3
Hip joint extension- muscle and nerve root
Glut max and hamstrings- L5,S1
Knee joint- flexion and nerve roots
Hamstrings- L5,s1
Knee hoint extension- muscle and nerve root
Quadriceps- L3, L4
Ankle joint dorsiflexion- muscle and nerve root
Tibialis anterior- L4,L5
Ankle- plantar flexion- muscle and nerve root
Gastrocnemius/soleus, S1,s2
Ankle joint inversion- muscle and nerve root
Tibialis anterior and posterior (L4- S3)
Eversion of ankle joint musclle and nerve root
L5, S1- fibularis longus and brevis
Cranial nerves- names
I olfactory
II optic
III oculomotor
IV trochlear
V trigeminal
VI abducens
VII facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
IX Glosspharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory
XII Hypoglossal
Oh
Oh
Oh
To
Touch
And
Feel
A
Girls
Vagina
And
Hymen
cranial nerves: motor, sensory, both?
Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more
S: sensory (olfactory nerve - CN I)
S: sensory (optic nerve - CN II)
M: motor (oculomotor nerve - CN III)
M: motor (trochlear nerve - CN IV)
B: both (trigeminal nerve - CN V)
M: motor (abducens nerve - CN VI)
B: both (facial nerve - CN VII)
S: sensory (vestibulocochlear nerve - CN VIII)
B: both (glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX)
B: both (vagus nerve - CN X)
M: motor (spinal accessory nerve - CN XI)
M: motor (hypoglossal nerve - CN XII)
Where does olfactory nerve arise from and insert into
Arises forebrain. Bipolar nerve through cribiform plate.
Inserts directly onto inferior surface of temporal lobe
Route of optic nerve
Arises forebrain. Passes through optic canal.
Optic tract> chiasm> lateral geniculate nucleus> optic radiation> visual cortex
What is meyers loop and where does it end
Part of optic radiation.
Optic radiation splits into two, one pathway travelling through parietal lobe (for inferior visual field) and one passing through temporal lobe.
The one that passes through temporal lobe is for superior field vision- meyers loop
End in calcarine sulcus
What do rods allow for (retina)
Allow us to see in dim light but dont allow for the perception of colout
What do cones allow for retina
Perceive colour under normal lighting conditions
What area of the retina has the highest acuity vision
Fovea- has no rods but many cones
Occulomotor nerve- where it arises and journey
Arises midbrain
Masses through superior orbital fissure
What is the einger westphal nucleus
EW nucleus is a preganglionic parasympathetic nucleus involved in light reflex- sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle)
Trochlear nerve journey
Arises midbrain, loops around periaquedtucal grey and therefore crosses sides. (Exits posteriorly)
Passes through superior orbital fissuri
nerve contralateral to nucleus
Where does trigeminal nerve arise.
Group of muscles it innervates.
Arises from pons
Muscles of mastication (innervates other things too)
Tensor tympani (dulls noise)
The sensory nuclei of trigeminal
Mesencephalic- propioception from chewing
Pontine/primary trigeminal nucleusa- decriminitave touch/vibration
Spinal nucleus (pain, temperature)
Where does abducens arise
Pontomedullary junction
Facial nerve journey
Arises pontomedullary junction. Passes through internal acoustic meatus and then stylomastoid foramen.
What are the different branches of facual nerve for and their related nucleus
motor nucleus- muscle facial expressions, stapedius
solitary nucleus- anterior 2/3ds of tongue
salivatory nucleus- salivary and lacrimal glands
(parasympathetic)
where does the vestibulocochlear nerve arise and what does it pass through
pontomedullary junctionpasses through internal acoustic meatus
what tract allows for conjugate eye movement
and what side is affected is say the left eye is not adducting
medial lateral fasiculatas. found in brainstem. connects abducens and occulomotor nerve which allows for conjugate eye movements
left MLF
(also connect trochlear and vestibulocochlear)
how does MS cause supranuclear opthalmoplegia
MLF is a white tract. therefore at risk of demyelinating conditions such as MS (although toher things can affect mlf eg plaques)
If MLF has a lesion then one of the outcomes is abducens and occulomotor nerve are no longer connected.
if there was a MLF lesion on the right side what would be the sypmtoms
ipsilateral loss of adduction with nystagmus of abducting eye.
therefore right eye loss of adduction (when moving something in front of left eye) and nystagmus of left eye
journey of glossopharyngeal nerve and its components
arises from medulla, passes through jugular foramen.
sensory- posterior 1/3rd of tongue
parasymp- supplies parotid
motor- stylopharyngeus
vagus- sensory supply
visceral sensation: heart, lungs, digestive system.
skin of larynx etc
how is vagus clinically tested
elevation of soft palate, normal swallow and speech
What are merkel discs for
Small and densley packed in fibgertips for fine touch and pressure eg. Sense texture
Unencapsulated
Slowly adapted
What do pacinian corpuscles sense
High frequency vibrating stimuli
What are meissners corpuscles sensitive to
Light pressure
This and pacinian are rapidly adapting receptors
Alpha a (1) fibres for
Propioreceptors of skeletal muscle.
Thick myelination, fast conduction
a beta (II) fibres for
Mechanoreceptors of skin. Moderate myelination
A delta (III) fibres for…
Pain and temperature, short stabbing pain- thin myelination, fast conduction
C (IV) fibres for
Non specific (location wise), throbbing burning pain, itch (chemical)
Unmyelinated, slow conduction, high threshold
Ulnar nerve root
C8-T1
Most commonly sprained ankle joint and where would the swelling be
The anterior talofibular is the ankle ligament most likely to be sprained. The pain/swelling would be anterior to the lateral malleolus
What innervates first web space
Deep fibular nerve
What tibia supply
Posterior compartment of leg
extra pyramidal tracts:
tecticulospinal tract function
reflex to auditory and visual stimulation.
cell bodies in superior colliculus.
axons descend close to midline C spine
extrapyramidal tracts:
rubrospinal
exerts control over limb flexors
reticulospinal tract function
medial (the pontine)- antigravity, contracts extensors: maintains standing position
lateral (medullary)- opposes lateral tract. releases antigravity muscles from reflex control
