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year 3. > Neuroanatomy/physio/pharm > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy/physio/pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Radial nerve root

A

C5-T1

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2
Q

Median nerve root

A

C6- T1

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3
Q

Lateral cutaneous thigh nerve root

A

L2,3

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4
Q

Nerve root supply of deep tendon reflexes

A

S1,s2- ankle jerk- tibial
L3,L4- knee jerk- femoral
C5, C6- bicep and brachioradialis jerk
C7, C8 - triceps

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5
Q

What nerve root abducts shoulder and what muscle involved

A

C5 deltoid

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6
Q

Adduction of shoulder: nerve root and muscles

A

C7 pec major and lat dorsi

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7
Q

Finger flexion- nerves

A

C8, digit flexors

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8
Q

Extension of fingers: muscle and nerve root

A

Digit extensors and c7

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9
Q

Abduction of finger joints- muscle and nerve root

A

Dorsal interossei, T1

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10
Q

Adduction of fingers- muscle and nerve root/ nerve

A

Palmar interossei and T1- ulnar

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11
Q

Elbow joint flexion- muscle and nerve root

A

Biceps brachii, C5, C6

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12
Q

Extension of elbow joint- muscle and nerve roots

A

Triceps brachii and c7,c8

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13
Q

Wrist joint flexion: muscle wnd nerve root

A

Carpal flexors, c6, C7

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14
Q

Wrist joint extension, muscle and nerve roots

A

Carpal extensors and C6, C7

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15
Q

Hip joint flexion- muscle and nerve root

A

Psoas major and L2,L3

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16
Q

Hip joint extension- muscle and nerve root

A

Glut max and hamstrings- L5,S1

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17
Q

Knee joint- flexion and nerve roots

A

Hamstrings- L5,s1

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18
Q

Knee hoint extension- muscle and nerve root

A

Quadriceps- L3, L4

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19
Q

Ankle joint dorsiflexion- muscle and nerve root

A

Tibialis anterior- L4,L5

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20
Q

Ankle- plantar flexion- muscle and nerve root

A

Gastrocnemius/soleus, S1,s2

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21
Q

Ankle joint inversion- muscle and nerve root

A

Tibialis anterior and posterior (L4- S3)

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22
Q

Eversion of ankle joint musclle and nerve root

A

L5, S1- fibularis longus and brevis

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23
Q

Cranial nerves- names

A

I olfactory
II optic
III oculomotor
IV trochlear
V trigeminal
VI abducens
VII facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
IX Glosspharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory
XII Hypoglossal

Oh
Oh
Oh
To
Touch
And
Feel
A
Girls
Vagina
And
Hymen

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24
Q

cranial nerves: motor, sensory, both?

A

Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more
S: sensory (olfactory nerve - CN I)
S: sensory (optic nerve - CN II)
M: motor (oculomotor nerve - CN III)
M: motor (trochlear nerve - CN IV)
B: both (trigeminal nerve - CN V)
M: motor (abducens nerve - CN VI)
B: both (facial nerve - CN VII)
S: sensory (vestibulocochlear nerve - CN VIII)
B: both (glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX)
B: both (vagus nerve - CN X)
M: motor (spinal accessory nerve - CN XI)
M: motor (hypoglossal nerve - CN XII)

25
Q

Where does olfactory nerve arise from and insert into

A

Arises forebrain. Bipolar nerve through cribiform plate.
Inserts directly onto inferior surface of temporal lobe

26
Q

Route of optic nerve

A

Arises forebrain. Passes through optic canal.
Optic tract> chiasm> lateral geniculate nucleus> optic radiation> visual cortex

27
Q

What is meyers loop and where does it end

A

Part of optic radiation.
Optic radiation splits into two, one pathway travelling through parietal lobe (for inferior visual field) and one passing through temporal lobe.
The one that passes through temporal lobe is for superior field vision- meyers loop

End in calcarine sulcus

28
Q

What do rods allow for (retina)

A

Allow us to see in dim light but dont allow for the perception of colout

29
Q

What do cones allow for retina

A

Perceive colour under normal lighting conditions

30
Q

What area of the retina has the highest acuity vision

A

Fovea- has no rods but many cones

31
Q

Occulomotor nerve- where it arises and journey

A

Arises midbrain
Masses through superior orbital fissure

32
Q

What is the einger westphal nucleus

A

EW nucleus is a preganglionic parasympathetic nucleus involved in light reflex- sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle)

33
Q

Trochlear nerve journey

A

Arises midbrain, loops around periaquedtucal grey and therefore crosses sides. (Exits posteriorly)
Passes through superior orbital fissuri
nerve contralateral to nucleus

34
Q

Where does trigeminal nerve arise.
Group of muscles it innervates.

A

Arises from pons

Muscles of mastication (innervates other things too)
Tensor tympani (dulls noise)

35
Q

The sensory nuclei of trigeminal

A

Mesencephalic- propioception from chewing

Pontine/primary trigeminal nucleusa- decriminitave touch/vibration

Spinal nucleus (pain, temperature)

36
Q

Where does abducens arise

A

Pontomedullary junction

37
Q

Facial nerve journey

A

Arises pontomedullary junction. Passes through internal acoustic meatus and then stylomastoid foramen.

38
Q

What are the different branches of facual nerve for and their related nucleus

A

motor nucleus- muscle facial expressions, stapedius

solitary nucleus- anterior 2/3ds of tongue

salivatory nucleus- salivary and lacrimal glands
(parasympathetic)

39
Q

where does the vestibulocochlear nerve arise and what does it pass through

A

pontomedullary junctionpasses through internal acoustic meatus

40
Q

what tract allows for conjugate eye movement
and what side is affected is say the left eye is not adducting

A

medial lateral fasiculatas. found in brainstem. connects abducens and occulomotor nerve which allows for conjugate eye movements

left MLF

(also connect trochlear and vestibulocochlear)

41
Q

how does MS cause supranuclear opthalmoplegia

A

MLF is a white tract. therefore at risk of demyelinating conditions such as MS (although toher things can affect mlf eg plaques)

If MLF has a lesion then one of the outcomes is abducens and occulomotor nerve are no longer connected.

42
Q

if there was a MLF lesion on the right side what would be the sypmtoms

A

ipsilateral loss of adduction with nystagmus of abducting eye.

therefore right eye loss of adduction (when moving something in front of left eye) and nystagmus of left eye

43
Q

journey of glossopharyngeal nerve and its components

A

arises from medulla, passes through jugular foramen.

sensory- posterior 1/3rd of tongue
parasymp- supplies parotid
motor- stylopharyngeus

44
Q

vagus- sensory supply

A

visceral sensation: heart, lungs, digestive system.
skin of larynx etc

45
Q

how is vagus clinically tested

A

elevation of soft palate, normal swallow and speech

46
Q

What are merkel discs for

A

Small and densley packed in fibgertips for fine touch and pressure eg. Sense texture

Unencapsulated

Slowly adapted

47
Q

What do pacinian corpuscles sense

A

High frequency vibrating stimuli

48
Q

What are meissners corpuscles sensitive to

A

Light pressure

This and pacinian are rapidly adapting receptors

49
Q

Alpha a (1) fibres for

A

Propioreceptors of skeletal muscle.
Thick myelination, fast conduction

50
Q

a beta (II) fibres for

A

Mechanoreceptors of skin. Moderate myelination

51
Q

A delta (III) fibres for…

A

Pain and temperature, short stabbing pain- thin myelination, fast conduction

52
Q

C (IV) fibres for

A

Non specific (location wise), throbbing burning pain, itch (chemical)
Unmyelinated, slow conduction, high threshold

53
Q

Ulnar nerve root

A

C8-T1

54
Q

Most commonly sprained ankle joint and where would the swelling be

A

The anterior talofibular is the ankle ligament most likely to be sprained. The pain/swelling would be anterior to the lateral malleolus

55
Q

What innervates first web space

A

Deep fibular nerve

56
Q

What tibia supply

A

Posterior compartment of leg

57
Q

extra pyramidal tracts:
tecticulospinal tract function

A

reflex to auditory and visual stimulation.

cell bodies in superior colliculus.

axons descend close to midline C spine

58
Q

extrapyramidal tracts:
rubrospinal

A

exerts control over limb flexors

59
Q

reticulospinal tract function

A

medial (the pontine)- antigravity, contracts extensors: maintains standing position

lateral (medullary)- opposes lateral tract. releases antigravity muscles from reflex control

year 3. (32 decks)

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