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year 3. > Psych Othef > Flashcards

Psych Othef Flashcards

1
Q

Scizophrenia va schizo-affective

A

the same but schizo-affective has a concurrent mood disorder

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2
Q

What is the difference between 1st gen and 2nd gen anti-psychotics

A

1st gen (typical) D2 antagonists, block dopamine in mesolimbic pathways.
extrapyramidal SE’s & hyperprolactinemia common

2nd generation (atypical) D2,3,4 & 5HT antagonist.
preferred as above SE’s less common.

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3
Q

side effects of anti-psychotics (both typical and atypical) in elderly

A

increased risk of stroke and venous thromboembolism in elderly patients

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4
Q

schizoid vs schizotypal

A

schizoid- preference for solitude, indifference towards social relationships & emotional detachment

schizotypal- unusual thought patterns, magical thinking, limited number of close relationships

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5
Q

features of dementia with lewy bodies

A

progresses over years, fluctuating symptoms, visual hallucinations, features of parkinosim

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6
Q

vascular dementia features

A

commonly after stroke, years to progress, other neurological defects, emotional unstability

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7
Q

depression symptoms that differentiate from being dementia

A

short history, rapid progression, insomnia, reduced appetite, stressors, global memory loss

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8
Q

BPD t1 vs t2

A

t1- classic, mania and depression

t2- HYPOmania and depression

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9
Q

circumstantiality definition

A

inability to answer a question without giving excessive, unnecessary detail, however it is important to note that the answer is still given

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10
Q

give three drug names for atypical antipsychotics

A

clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone

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11
Q

flight of ideas

A

going off topic, moving from one idea to another, quick, erratic often seen in mania

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12
Q

perseveration

A

pt. repeats ideas or words despite attempting to change the topic

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13
Q

give two drug names of typical antipsychotics

A

haloperidol
chlorpromazine

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14
Q

features of anorexia nervosa, most things low except… (4)

A

most things low except Gs and Cs:
Growth hormone, Glucose salvary glands, Cortisol, Cholestrol,

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15
Q

what is conversion disorder

A

aka functional neurological disorder
typically involves loss of motor or sensory function (however is in patients head)
the patient doesn’t consciously feign the symptoms (factitious disorder) or seek material gain (malingering)

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16
Q

wernickes encephalopathy vs korsakoffs syndrome

A

WE:
opthalmoplegia (lateral rectus / horizontal nystagmus),
confusion
ataxia (/any cerebellar signs)

korsakoffs syndrome:
the same as ^ +
anterograde amnesia (eg. forgets your interaction)
confabulation (mistakenly recall false info)

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17
Q

Knight’s move thinking aka…

A

This can be a feature of schizophrenia. It can be observed to involve leaps to different topics with poor associations to the previous topic, making the conversation very hard to follow.

derailment

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18
Q

Tangentiality

A

If a person starts a conversation and can be seen to wander or ‘tangent’ off to a new topic without returning, this is known as tangentiality.

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19
Q

Echolalia

A

This is the repetition of someone else’s speech.

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20
Q

akathisia

A

a sense of inner restlessness and inability to keep still

often seen in ppl who have a long history of anti-psychotic use

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21
Q

Acute dystonia

A

characterized by involuntary contractions of muscles of the extremities, face, neck, abdomen, pelvis, or larynx in either sustained or intermittent patterns that lead to abnormal movements or postures.typically spasm of facial muscles,

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22
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

abnormal involuntary movements like licking lips.

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23
Q

clozapine- what kind of drug is it and its side effects (7)

A

atypical antipsychotic

agranulocytosis
neutropenia
REDUCES SEIZURE THRESHOLD
heart issues

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24
Q

defining feature which seperates depression sx from dementia sx

A

depression has global memory loss rather than short term memory loss- the opposite is true for for dementia

25
Q

haloperidol SE
what class of drug is it

A

inc risk of extrapyramidal side effects eg parkinosnism and acute dystonia

typical antipsychotic

26
Q

olanzapine SE

A

higher risk of dyslipidemia and obesity

27
Q

what antipsychotic drug has the most tolerable side effect profile

A

apiprazole (atypical) - especially good for prolactin elevation

28
Q

what are clang associations

A

ideas related only by rhyme or being similar sounding

29
Q

which antidepressant has is useful for its sedative effects
what class of drug is it

A

mirtzapine - also inc weight gain

blocks akoha2-adrenergic receptors

30
Q

what syndrome describes a subtype of nihilistic delusions in which the persone believes they or a part of them is dead or does not exist

what is it most commonly seen in

A

cotard syndrome

severe depression, also associated with schizophrenia

31
Q

what is the name of the syndrome which describes deulisional parasitosis and the delusion of infestation

A

ekbom syndrome

32
Q

what is the name of the delusion of sexual infidelity on the part of a sexual paratner

A

othello

33
Q

the delusion of identifying a familiar person in various people they encounter.

A

de fregoli syndrome

34
Q

This is the delusion that a person closely related to the patient has been replaced by an impostor.

A

capgras syndrome

35
Q

list positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

hallucinations.
deulsions
catatonia
disorganised speech
disorganised behaviour

36
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia
(5)

A

depressed/decreased emotion
anhedonia- lack of pleasure
flat affect
alogia- poverty of speech
avolition- poor motivation

37
Q

somatisation disorder vs conversion disorder

A

somatisation disorder- MULTIPLE PHYICAL SYMPTOMS present for at least 2 years
patient refuses to accept reassurance or negative test results

conversion- motor/sensroy loss- symptoms arent feigned

38
Q

somatisation disorder vs hypochondriasis

A

both refuse to accept reassurance/negative results but hypochondriasis is the belief in a spoecific underlying pathology eg cancer whereas somatisation disorder is just the physical symptoms

39
Q

acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms
(5)

A

occurs 6-12 hours post last drink

tremors, agitation, fevers, tachycardia, and hypertension,

40
Q

when do seizures occur alcohol withdrawal

A

36 hours

41
Q

peak incidence of delirium temens and symptoms
(6)

A

48-72 hours: coarse tremor, confusion, delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, fever, tachycardia

42
Q

what section of the mental health act allows police to bring an individual who appears to have a mental disorder from a public place to a place of safety

A

section 136

43
Q

carbamezapine side effects

A

CARBA MEAN
Confusion
Ataxia
Rashes
Blurred vision
Aplastic anaemia
Marrow (bone marrow) supression
Eosinphillia
ADH release
Neutropenia

44
Q

strongest risk factor for psychotic disorders

A

family history

45
Q

when should lithium levels be checked

A

the sample should be taken 12 hours post-dose

46
Q

knights move vs flight of ideas

A

Knight’s move thinking there are illogical leaps from one idea to another, flight of ideas there are discernible links between ideas

47
Q

what section of the mental health act 2003 can be used to detain patients for up to 28 days for assessment

what is it called

who has to approve

A

section 2

short term detention order

senior psychiatrist and mental health officer

48
Q

what section of the mental health act 2003 can be used to detain patients for up to 6 months

what is it called

A

section 3

compulsory treatment order

mho makes application. two psychiatrists or one psychiatrist and one gp approve it.

49
Q

what section of the mental health act (2007) can be used to detain a patient for up to 72 hours

what is it called?

can you give treatment

A

5(2) just any one doctor required.

emergency detention order

does not author treatment

no right to appeal

50
Q

what is thought blocking

A

a neuropsychological symptom expressing a sudden and involuntary silence within a speech, and eventually an abrupt switch to another topic

51
Q

what is a neologosim

A

creation of new words/phrases

52
Q

De Clerambault’s syndrome

A

therwise known as erotomania, is a delusional disorder in which the patient has a specific, fixed, false belief that someone else is in love with them.

53
Q

physiology of anxiety: (5)

A

amygdala processes sensory data and passes information to the:
hypothalamus- body stress response: cortisol
periaqueductal grey- mediates fight or flight response
hippocampus- for memory and learning
cingulate cortex: mediates anxiety emotion

54
Q

physiology of addiction

A

mesolimbic pathway- VTA releases dopamine acts on nucleus accumbens to mediate plasure/motivation

prefrontal cortex involved in goal setting/decision making, can normally override mesolimbic, drugs disrupt it

orbitofrontal cortex- motivation to act- hyperactive in cravings

hippocampus- stores memory of pleasure and learned drug associations

55
Q

recommended units of alcohol a week

A

<14 units

56
Q

what is the aversive system

A

promotes survival in event of stress
mediated by serotonin

57
Q

appetitive system

A

supports seeking behaviours mediated by dopamine

58
Q

what does this CT show

A

wide sulci narrow gyri- alzheimers

59
Q

what is the pathophysiology of the defecit caused by alzheimers

A

impairs ach from nucleus basilis of meynart

year 3. (32 decks)

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