neuro tx Flashcards
Tx for MND
No cure, tx symptoms
- MND specialist nurses
- tx comm. needs (speech therapy, voice banking)
- nutritional tx (dietitian, gastrostomy)
Bulbar dysfunction MND tx
Comm aids (AAC)
Nutritional saliva
Gastrostomy
Botulism tx
- antitoxin but only useful if given early before toxin has attacked nerves
- therefore mainly supportive: Ventilation (otherwise will die)
Myasthenia gravis tx
(Not emergency)
1st line: pyridistigmine (long acting anticholinesterase inhibitor)
Long term: high dose prednisolone then Steroid sparing agents- aza/mycophenolate
thymectomy
which antibiotic should be avoided in mysathenia gravis
Gentamicin
Guillian barre syndrome tx
1st line:Immunoglobulin infusion
2nd: plasma exchange
Ms relapse tx
(mild, moderate and severe)
Mild: symptomatic tx
Moderate relapse: high dose oral steroids
Severe relapse: admit for IV steroids (short period)
Ms spasticity tx
(first line and others)
baclofen and gabapentin first line
physio (important)
Botox for rare and severe cases
Ms sensory tx
(4)
Anti convulsant eg. Gabapentin
Anti depressant eg. Amitriptyline
Tens machine
Acupuncture
Relapsing-Remitting ms tx
1st line: tecfidera (oral)/interferon (injectable)
last line: stem cell transplant
1st line- natalizumab on passmed- monocolonal antibody
Acute pharmacological tx for migraines
NSAIDS (asp. Naproxen. Ibuprofen) and oral triptan +/- anti-emetic
or
oral triptan + paracetomol +/- anti- emetic
Take as early as poss.
If gastroparesis consider anti-emetic
When is prophylaxis for migraines given.
How long must they be tried fof
If >3 attacks a month/very severe
Must trial each for min. 3 months
Consider non pharmacological eg. Acupuncture, relaxation excersizes
prophylaxis for migraines
1st line:
- propanolol
Avoid in asthma, PVD, heart failure
or
topiramate (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) (Na+ channel blocker)
AVOID in women of childbearing age as it may be teratogenic/reduce effectiveness of hormonal contraceptive
2nd:- Amitriptyline (blocks serotonin re-uptake) (causes vasoconstriction)
Se. Dry mouth, postural hypertension
if pharamocoligical prophylaxis migraine mx fails then consider…
10 weeks of acupunture
Tension headache tx
Relaxation physio
Antidepressant- dothiepin/Amitriptyline
- 3 months Rx
- reassure
Cluster headache tx
High flow o2 for 20 mins
Sub cut sumatriptan 6mg injectable
Acute tx^^^^
long term: verapamil / Steroids- reduce course over 2 weeks
Cluster headache prophylaxis
Verapamil
Hemicrania tx
Indomethacin (absolutely cured by this, if not then it is a diff diagnosis)
Idiopathic raised intracranial pressure tx
Weight loss
Acetozalmide
lumbar puncture used for short term management
Trigeminal neuralgia tx
1st line: Carbamazepine,
(other drugs: gabapentin, phenytoin, baclofen)
Surgical (rare): ablation compression , decomrpession
when to refer for tigeminal neuralgia
failure to respond to tx/ atypical features:
-sensory changes
- deafness/ear problems
-hx of skin/oral lesions
-pain only in opthalmic division or bilaterally
-fam hx ms
- <40 yrs old
Giant cell arteritis tx
High dose steroids
When is acute blood pressure mx indicated for stroke
- Lowering bp (if >185/110) for safe thrombolysis
- ICH (intracerebral haemorrhage) as to reduce haematoma expansion
Mx of intarcerebral harmorraghe
Correct clotting- vit k antagnoist, doac patients consider reversal
Control bp- sbp goal: 130-139 in <1hr & sustain for 7 days
surgical decompression for the well but deteriorating patient
Unless
Gcs<5…
(150-229 tx in <6hrs of symptom onset to achieve)
Primary generalised epilepsy
(same tx as tonic/atonic)
males
females
males
1st line: sodium valproate
Females: Lamotrigine
Focal onset epilepsy tx
1st line: Levetiracetm or Lamotrigine
2nd: carbamezapine
(same for men and women)
Partial seizures tx (uni)
1st: carbamazepine and lamotrigine (Lam takes a while to work)
Then can add on other drugs eg. Gabapentin
When to give epileptic drugs
Epilepsy
Seizure with high risk of recurrence
If they want it…
absence seizures tx
first: ethosuximide
2nd male: sodium valproate
2nd female: Lamotrigine or levetiracetm