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THIRD YEAR > Repro 2 > Flashcards

Repro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial ovarian tumours types

A 
serous 
muncinous 
endeomtroid
clear cell
brenners
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2
Q

serous ovarian cancer

A

low grade - borderline, less common

high grade - serous tubal intra epithelial carcinoma precursor

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3
Q

endometriod/clear cell ovarian cancer

A

astong assoc with endometriosis and Lynch syndrome

primary dx made on ascitic fluid

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4
Q

brenners tumour

A

tumour of transitional type epithelium

usually benign

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5
Q

commonest type of germ cell ovarian tumour

A

mature teratoma (dermoid)

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6
Q

dysgerminoma

A

most common malignant CGT
1-2% of all malignant ovarian tumours
children and young women 22yo

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7
Q

types of sex cord ovarian tumours

A

fibroma/thecoma benign oestrogen producing
granulosa - all potentially malignant asssoc with oestrogenic manifestations
sertoli lydegi - androgen producing

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8
Q

precarious puberty, PMG

A

granulosa

oestrogen

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9
Q

hirsutism/virilisation

A

theca/leydig

androgen

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10
Q

mets in ovary

A

stomach, colon, breast, pancreas

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11
Q

Figo staging of ovarian cancer

A 
1A one ovary 1B both
1c ovarian surface/rupture
2a fallopian tubes/uterus
2b other pelvic intraperitoneal 
3a retroperitoneal LN mets, micro extra pelvic peritoneal involvement 
3b macro mets up to 2cm beyond pelvis
3c >2cm
4 distant mets
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12
Q

symtoms of ovarian tumours

A 
ascities bloating
pelvic mass
bladder dysfunction 
pleural effusion/SOB
incidental
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13
Q

CA125 vs CEA

A

raised in 80%, normal level doesn’t exclude

mod raised esp in mucinous

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14
Q

which of the two is more useful for follow up

A

CA125

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15
Q

what else other than an ovarian tumour raise CA125

A

endometriosis, infection, pregnancy, pancreatitis, ascitis

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16
Q

RMI calculated how

A 
USS: multilocular, solid, bilateral, ascites, intra abd mets
0=0 1=1 3=2 or more
pre meno =1 post meno=3
Ca 125 u/ml
US X meno X CA125 >200 refer
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17
Q

cause of endometriosis

A

regurg, metaplasia

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18
Q

complications of endometriosis

A

infertility, pain, cyst formation, adhesions, ectopic pregnancy, endometriod malignancy

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19
Q

macroscopic endometriosis

micro

A

peritoneal spots/nodules, fibrous adhesions, choc cysts

endometrial glands and stroma, haemo, inflam, fibrosis

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20
Q

dx of endometriosis

A

laparoscopically

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21
Q

malignancy germ cell

A

increased HCG increased AFP

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22
Q

hydrosalpinx

pylosapinx

A

distally blocked fallopian tube with serous/clear fluid

pus

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23
Q

acute/chronic salpingitis

A

chronic if lymphocytes

increase risk for ectopic pregnancy

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24
Q

what forms need to be filled with a TOP

A

HSA1 two medication practitioners for planned
HSA2 doctor needs to complete within 24 hours of emergency TOP

HSA4 doctor needs to complete and send to chief medical officer within 7 days of TOP

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25
Q

TOP limits

A

23 +6 in the UK

18+6 in tayside

26
Q

medical

A

whenever
oral mifepristone 200mg (anti progesterone)
24-48 hours later vaginal (gemeprest) or oral (misoprastol) prostag

27
Q

differences in medical

A

early 0-9 both steps at home

9-24 repeated dose of prostag 3 hourly max 5/24

28
Q

surgical

A

vacuum aspiration 6-12 weeks
dilatation evactuation 13-24
cervical priming, vaginal prostag

29
Q

risks of surgical

A

pain haem, infection, incomplete/failed, uterine perf, trauma, anaesthetic cx, ongoing preg, uterine rupture

30
Q

after care of TOP

A

upt at 3 weeks
anti D
contraception

31
Q

Levonelle

A 
1.5mg
inhibits ovulation
72 hour after UPSI
failure rate 1-2%
enzyme inducers
32
Q

ellaone

A 
30mg
inhibits/delayes ovulation
120 hours after
failure rate <1%
antacids
33
Q

copper IUD

A

up to 120 hours post UPSI

5 days after ovulation

34
Q

all methods of EC

A

UPT at three weeks

35
Q

risk factors for candida

A 
recent AB therapy 
high oestrogen levels - prog
poorly controlled DM
immunocomprimised
v low CD4 count
36
Q

c albicans

A

budding (hyphae)

37
Q

rx for candida

A

topical clotrimazole cream or pessary available OTC

oral fluconazole

38
Q

BV

rx

A

gardnella vaginalis

metro 400mg twice daily for 7 days or 2g stat

39
Q

prostitis treatment

A

ciprofloxacin 500mg bd 28 days

erimethoprim 200mg bd 28 days if high risk of C Diff

40
Q

treponema pallidum

A

doesn’t stain with gram stain

41
Q

non specific AB to see how active the disease is and monster response to treatment

A

VDRL, RPR
become negative after treatment
may be falsely positive

42
Q

specific serology to confirm syphilis

A

TPPA, INNO LIA, FTAAb

stay positive for life

43
Q

tayside screening of syph

A

ELISA/EIA
IgG/IgM
if positive IgG/IgM then IgM ELISA, VDRLA, TPPA

44
Q

IgG and TPAA

A

stay positive for life

45
Q

IgM and VDRLA

A

neg after treatment within a few months

46
Q

gonorrhoea

A

gran neg intracellular diploccosu - two kidney beans
easily phavgpcytosed by macrophages
can’t survive outside the body

47
Q

purulent green/yellow discharge in males

A

gon

48
Q

rx of gon

A

ceftriaxone 500mg IM and azitho 1g stat
ceftriaxone 400mg orally if IM contra indicated or refused
test of cure

49
Q

chlamydia

A

biphasic life cycle
does not reproduce outside the host cell
doesn’t stain with grams stain - no peptidoglycan in cell wall

50
Q

A-C
D-K
L1-L3

A

trachoma
genital
lymphogranulotoma venercum in MSM

51
Q

PID increases the risk of what

A

chlamydia by 10

52
Q

rx of chlamyd

A

azitho 1g stat

rectal - doxy 100mg bd 7 days

53
Q

PCR/NAATS > culture

A

less invasive specimens
more sensitive
positive even if organisms die in transit
hours not days

54
Q

culture > PCR/NAATS

A

can’t tell AB sensitivities

will detect dead organisms - have to wait 5 w to do test of cure

55
Q

enveloped virus containing double stranded DNA

A

HSV1 and HSV2

56
Q

treatment for genital herpes

A 
none 
self limiting
topical lidocaine 5% cream if v painful
saline bathing
analgesia
aciclovir
vaccine
57
Q

treatment for genital warts

A

cryotherapy
podophyllotoxin cream
imiquimod

58
Q

non enclosed corohedral virus contains dsDNA

can grow in artificial culture

A

HPV

59
Q

single cells protozoal parasite divides by binary fission

humans onky

A

TV

metro

60
Q

pubic lice

A

males live for 22 days
females 17
malothian lotion

THIRD YEAR (27 decks)

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