Renal replacement therapy

Question 1

Peritoneal dialysis ( CAPD )

Answer 1

1. An incision is made near the bellybutton and catheter is permenantly placed in the abdominal cavity
2. Dialysis fluid is pumped into abdominal cavity and flushed around intestines
3. Peritoneal membrane acts as a filter for solutes to move across conc gradient
4. Dialysis accumulates waste products of the blood
5. Dialysis fluid is then flushed out and drained

Question 2

Complications of CAPD

Answer 2

1. Peritonitis - inflammation of the peritoneum caused by bacterial infection
2. Hernias may form

Question 3

Haemodialysis

Answer 3

1. Cannula between atriovenous fistula or central vein

2. Blood travels through an artificial kidney and flows over dialysis machine membrane

Question 4

Kidney transplant surgery

Answer 4

1. incision through abdominal wall
2. Aortic wall, patch of renal artery and ureters are harvested
3. Perfused with cold solution
4. Renal vein anastomosed with external illiac vein
5. Renal artery is anastomosed with external illiac artery

Question 5

Complication of transplanation

Answer 5

Rejection of kidneys

Infections