Bladder cancer

Question 1

Three types of bladder cancer

Answer 1

1. Urothelial/Transitional cell carcinoma ( 90%)
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Adenocarcinoma ( v rare)

Question 2

Urothelial/Transitional cell carcinoma

Answer 2

1. Malignancy of the transitional epithelium of the bladder
2. Most common - mutation of p53
3. Usually forms non invasive papillary tumous

Question 3

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 3

1. Transitional epithelial cells differentiate into squamous cells to form squamous cell carcinoma
2. Commonly caused by SCHISTOSOMA HAEMOTOBIUM
   parasites

Question 4

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 4

1. Transitional epithelial cells differentiate into glandular cells
2. Tumors secrete mucin to form mucinuria
3. Very rare

Question 5

Causes of Bladder cancer

Answer 5

1. Smoking
2. Alcohol abuse
3. Age
4. Carcinogens - radiation

Question 6

Clinical manifes of bladder cancer

Answer 6

1. Haematuria
2. Palpable mass
3. Pelvic pain