Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

The Mediverse 2.2 > Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for Anti-Diuretic Hormone is?

A

Vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Water in the body is gotten through 2 ways?

A
  1. Water ingested
  2. Water synthesized by the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oxidation of carbohydrates is the basis for synthesis of?

A

Water in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The approximate amount of water taken in to the body is?

A

2100ml/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The approximate amount of water synthesized in the body is?

A

2300ml/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The water lost unconsciously from the body through evaporation from respiratory tract or diffusion through skin is known as

A

Insensible water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The total insensible water loss from the body is approximately?

A

700ml/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The amount of water lost through evaporation from the respiratory tract measures to?

A

300-400 ml/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Insensible water loss in the skin is minimised by what layer of the skin?

A

Cholesterol filled Cornified layer of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When Cornified layer is denuded, the rate of evaporation can increase to what amount per day?

A

3-5L per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The normal volume is sweat daily is?

A

100ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In very hot weather or during heavy exercise, volume of sweat may increase to ?

A

1-2 Litres per hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When body fluid is depleted due to sweating, thirst is activated..
True/False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

100ml of water is lost in faeces..
True/False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

There are 2 body fluid compartments, name them?

A
  1. Extracellular fluid (ECF)
  2. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ECF is divided into 3, name them ?

A
  1. Interstitial fluid
  2. Blood plasma
  3. Transcellular fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Synovial fluids, peritoneal fluids, pericardial fluid, intraocular fluid are all known as?

A

Transcellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In an average 70kg adult, total body water takes what percentage and volume?

A

60% of body weight
Volume = 42L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Men normally have more percentage of water than women, this is because?

A

Women have more body fats than men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The volume and percentage of intracellular fluid in the body is?

A

28Litres, which is 40% of body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Extracellular fluid accounts for what volume and percentage of body weight?

A

14Litres
20% of body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

60% of the blood is composed of?

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

40% of blood is composed of?

A

Erythrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The fraction of blood composed of RBC is called?

A

Hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is polycythemia?
Polycythemia is the excessive production of RBC
26
Fluid in body compartments is measured using what principle?
Indicator-dilution principle
27
Antipyrine is a substance used to measure ?
Body fluid volume using dilution principle
28
Intracellular volume is calculation by
ICF = total body water - ECF volume
29
A common substances used in measuring plasma include?
1. Serum albumin labelled with radioactive (125- albumin) 2. Evans blue dye
30
Interstitial fluid is calculated by
Extracellular fluid volume - Plasma volume
31
The osmolal concentration of a solution is known as ?
Osmolality
32
When the osmolal concentration is expressed as osmoles per litre of solution, it is called?
Osmolarity
33
The movement of molecules of a liquid or gas through a semi permeable membrane, is called
Osmosis
34
The force that prevents osmosis is called?
Osmotic pressure
35
Higher the osmotic pressure = lower water concentration and Higher concentration of solution. True or false?
True
36
The presence of excess fluid in the body tissues is simply called
Edema
37
The force exerted by a fluid against the wall of a vessel is called?
Hydrostatic pressure
38
Surplus fluid in the interstitial space that is not directly returned to the capillaries is drained by what body system?
The lymphatic system
39
Excess Fluid drained by the lymphatic system from tissues re-enters the vascular system through what vein?
The subclavian vein
40
There are 2 types of edema, namely?
1. Intracellular edema 2. Extracellular edema
41
Mathematically, capillary filtration rate is calculated by?
Capillary filtration coefficient (kF) ÷ by capillary hydrostatic pressure - Plasma colloid pressure (pC) + interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (PiF)
42
Glucose molecules move down the concentration gradient through?
Facilitated diffusion
43
Proteoglycan filament Increased lymph flow and washdown of interstitial fluid protein All act as safety factors against?
Edema
44
Mention the potential spaces for fluid in the body
1. Pleural cavity 2. Pericardial cavity 3. Peritoneal cavity 4. Synovial cavity 5. Bursae 6. Joints
45
After age 40, what happens to the number of functional nephrons?
The number decreases about 10% every 10years
46
The glomerulus has a basement membrane which contain?
1. Laminins 2. Type IV collagen 3. Agrin 4. Nidogen
47
The visceral epithelium of the kidney is called?
Podocytes
48
The GFR makes up what percentage of renal plasma flow?
20%
49
Net filtration pressure (10mmhg) is gotten by?
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure(60mmhg) - Bowman's capsule pressure (18mmhg) - Glomerular oncotic pressure (32mmhg)
50
Mathematically GFR is equal to?
Capillary filtration coefficient × Net filtration pressure
51
The net filtration pressure is?
The sum of hydrostatic forces and osmotic forces
52
Osmotic forces oppose fluid filtration? True or false
True
53
Hydrostatic forces favour fluid filtration. True or false
True
54
Increased hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule decreases GFR. True or false
True
55
Precipitation of Calcium or uric acid can lead to?
Formation of stones that lodge in the urinary tract
56
Kidney stones can damage or destroy the kidney . True or false
True
57
Increased glomerular capillary colloid osmotic pressure leads to?
Decrease in GFR
58
Increased blood flow into glomerulus causes?
Increase in GFR
59
Reduced blood flow into the glomerulus decreases GFR. True or false
True
60
Nephrons have similar component, but differ depending on how deep they lie within the kidney. True or false
True
61
Nephrons that lie in the cortex are called?
Cortical nephrons
62
Nephrons that have glomeruli that lie deep in the renal cortex near the Medulla are known as?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
63
The entire tubular system in cortical nephrons are surrounded by?
Peritubular capillaries
64
In Juxtamedullary nephrons, long efferent arterioles divide into specialised peritubular capillaries called?
Vasa recta
65
Vasa recta empty into?
Cortical veins
66
The Vasa recta plays an essential role in?
The formation of concentrated urine
67
What is the function of renal tubular epithelial cells?
They convert 180L of glomerular filtrate into 1-2L of urine
68
Mention the general factors influencing tubular transport of substances
1. Transporters 2. Endocytic receptors 3. Epithelial cell polarity 4. Specialised properties of renal epithelial cells
69
There are 3 types of tubular transporters, name them
1. Uniporter 2. Co-transporter or symporter 3. Antiporter or exchanger
70
The proximal tubule absorbs How many percent of glomerular filtrate?
60%
71
Example of major solutes reabsorbed by the proximal tubule include?
1. Potassium 2. Chloride 3. Bicarbonate 4. Sulphate 5. Citrate 6. Phosphate 7. Calcium 8. Glucose 9. Uric acid
72
The proximal tubule also has secretory functions. True or false
True
73
The proximal tubule secretes?
1. Oxylate 2. Toxins 3. Organic anions and cations 4. Sodium
74
A clinical application of Dysfunction of the proximal tubule is?
Fanconi's syndrome
75
Reabsorption takes place in the proximal tubule. True or false
True
76
Symptoms of fanconi's syndrome include;
1. Glucosuria 2. Hypophosphatemia 3. Polyuria 4. Absence of azotemia 5. Proximal renal tubular acidosis 6. Aminoaciduria and proteinuria
77
Heat production in the body is due to?
Oxidation of food molecules
78
When the rate of heat produced equals the rate of heat lost, it is known as?
Thermal equilibrium
79
Thermostatic activities in the body are regulated by?
The Hypothalamus

The Mediverse 2.2 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions