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The Mediverse 2.2 > Gross Anatomy (Abdomen) > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy (Abdomen) Flashcards

1
Q

The middle part of the trunk, that encloses the abdominal cavity and it’s contents is called?

A

The Abdominal wall

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2
Q

Superiorly the abdominal wall is bounded by

A

Xiphoid process and costal margins

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3
Q

Inferiorly the abdominal wall is bounded by

A

Pelvis and inguinal ligaments

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4
Q

Posteriorly the abdominal wall is bounded by

A

Vertebral column

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5
Q

The abdominal wall is divided into 2 namely?

A
  1. Anterolateral, and
  2. Posterior abdominal walls
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6
Q

The layers of the Abdominal wall include;

A

Skin - superficial fascia - Muscle - Transversalis peritoneum - extraperitoneal fat - fascia

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7
Q

A thin membrane that covers the viscerals within the abdominal cavity is called

A

Peritoneum

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8
Q

The muscles of the abdominal wall are divided into 2 namely?

A
  1. Anterior abdominal muscles and
  2. Posterior abdominal muscles
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9
Q

The anterior abdominal muscles include;

A
  1. Rectus abdominis with fibrous tendon (Linea Alba)
  2. Pyramidalis
  3. External oblique
  4. Internal oblique
  5. Transversus abdominis
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10
Q

The posterior abdominal muscles include;

A
  1. Quadratus lumborum
  2. Psoas major
  3. Psoas minor
  4. Iliacus (with thoracolumbar & psoas fascia)
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11
Q

The abdomen is divided into how many regions?

A

9 regions

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12
Q

List the 9 regions of the abdomen

A

Right hypochondrium
Epigastrium
Left hypochondrium
Right flank
Umbilical
Left flank
Right groin
Pubic
Left groin

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13
Q

The rectus sheath is formed by

A

Aponeurosis of 3 muscles and the Anterolateral wall

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14
Q

A short passage extending inferiomedially through the lower anterior abdominal wall is known as

A

Inguinal canal

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15
Q

In relations to the inguinal ligament, where does the inguinal canal lie?

A

It lies superior and parallel to the inguinal ligament

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16
Q

Anteriorly, the inguinal canal is bounded by?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique and reinforced by internal oblique

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17
Q

Posteriorly, the inguinal canal is bounded by

A

Transversalis fascia, internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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18
Q

The floor of the inguinal canal is bounded by?

A

Inguinal and lacunar ligaments

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19
Q

The spermatic cord, round ligament and ileo-inguinal nerve are contents of?

A

The inguinal canal

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20
Q

An applied anatomy of the inguinal canal is

A

Inguinal hernias

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21
Q

The are 2 layers of peritoneum.. They are;

A
  1. Parietal peritoneum
  2. Visceral peritoneum
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22
Q

The parietal peritoneum is innervated by?

A

Somatic nerve

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23
Q

The visceral peritoneum is innervated by?

A

Autonomic nerve

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24
Q

A potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is known as

A

Peritoneal cavity

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25
Q

The peritoneal cavity normally contains a small amount of lubricating fluid
True or false

A

True

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26
Q

Inflammation of the peritoneum is

A

Peritonitis

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27
Q

Examples of major abdominal viscerals

A
  1. Liver
  2. Gall bladder
  3. Biliary tree
  4. Stomach
  5. Intestines (small and large)
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28
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

It is predominantly located in the right hypochondrium and epigastrium,

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29
Q

The folds of the peritoneum that supports the viscerals is known as

A

Omentum

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30
Q

The liver has two surfaces.. Namely;

A

Diaphragmatic surface, and
Visceral surface

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31
Q

The right and left lobes of the liver are demarcated by?

A

Falciform ligament

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32
Q

The accessory liver lobes of the caudate and quadrate are separated by?

A

Porta hepatitis

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33
Q

Blood supply to the liver is by

A
  1. Hepatic artery
  2. Hepatic portal vein
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34
Q

Blood Drainage from the liver is by

A

Hepatic veins

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35
Q

Nerve supply to the liver is via

A

Hepatic plexus
Vagus nerve, and
Lower intercostal nerve

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36
Q

The inflammation of the liver is known as

A

Hepatitis

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37
Q

Hepatitis is often caused by a viral infection.
True/False

A

True

38
Q

A pear shaped organ that stores bile is called?

A

Gall bladder

39
Q

The gall bladder is located in what abdominal region?

A

Right Hypochondriac region

40
Q

The gall bladder is divided into 3, namely;

A
  1. Neck
  2. Body
  3. Fundus
41
Q

The gall bladder is innervated by

A
  1. Coeliac plexus
  2. Vagus nerve
42
Q

An applied anatomy of the gall bladder is

A

Gall stones

43
Q

A series of GIT ducts that transport bile from the liver to the gall bladder is called?

A

Biliary tree

44
Q

The hepatoPancreatic ampulla of Vater is formed by the fusion of what 2 ducts?

A

The common hepatic duct, and
The cystic duct

45
Q

A J-shaped organ that temporarily stores food during digestion is called?

A

The stomach

46
Q

The stomach is located in what abdominal regions?

A

The epigastric and umbilical regions

47
Q

The stomach is divided into 4 parts ,
Name them?

A
  1. Cardiac
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pylorus
48
Q

The stomach has two borders known as?

A

Greater and lesser Curvature

49
Q

The term vasculature refers to?

A

Blood supply, and drainage of an organ

50
Q

Blood supply to the stomach is through?

A

Right and left gastric arteries
Right and left gastro-omental arteries

51
Q

Drainage from the stomach is through

A

Hepatic portal vein, and
superior mesenteric vein

52
Q

Nerve supply to the stomach is through?

A

Vagus nerve,
Splanchnic nerve

53
Q

An applied anatomy of the stomach is?

A

Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease, also known as
GERD

54
Q

How many intestines are found in a human being?

A

2: Small intestine,
Large intestine.

55
Q

The small intestine begins at?

A

The Pylorus

56
Q

What is the length of the small intestine

A

6.5 meters

57
Q

The small intestine ends at?

A

The Ileocecal junction
(that is, the beginning of large intestine)

58
Q

The small intestine is divided into 3 parts; namely

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejenum
  3. Ileum
59
Q

The jejenum and ileum attach to the posterior Abdominal wall by?

A

The mesentery

60
Q

Blood supply to the small intestine is through?

A

Gastro-duodenal artery,
Inferior Pancreaticoduodendal artery

61
Q

Blood Drainage from the small intestine is through

A

Hepatic portal vein

62
Q

Lymphatic drainage from the small intestine is through

A

Superior mesenteric nodes

63
Q

The small intestine is innervated by

A
  1. Vagus nerve
  2. Greater splanchnic (T⁵-T⁹) nerve
  3. Lesser splanchnic (T⁹-T¹⁰) nerve
64
Q

Applied anatomy of the small intestine is

A

Duodenal ulcers
Bowel obstruction

65
Q

The length of the large intestine

A

1.5 meters

66
Q

The large intestine originates at?

A

The cecum

67
Q

The large intestine ends at?

A

The anal canal

68
Q

The large intestine is also known as

A

Colon

69
Q

The large intestine is divided into 4 parts

A
  1. Ascending colon
  2. Descending colon
  3. Transverse colon
  4. Sigmoid colon
70
Q

List characteristics of the Colon

A
  1. Possession of Haustrum (that is, segments)
  2. Wide diameter
71
Q

Blood supply to the large intestine is through

A

Ileocolic and right colic artery
Left colic and sigmoid arteries

72
Q

The left and right colic arteries are derived from!

A

The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

73
Q

The blood Drainage of the large intestine is through

A

Hepatic portal vein

74
Q

The large intestine is innervated by

A

Superior and inferior mesenteric plexuses via
Lumbar and pelvic splanchnic nerve

75
Q

The Pancreas is located in what abdominal region

A

Epigastrium and left hypochondrium

76
Q

The Pancreas is divided into 4 parts, namely;

A
  1. Head
  2. Uncinate process
  3. Neck
  4. Body and tail
77
Q

Blood Drainage from the pancreas I through

A
  1. Superior mesenteric vein
  2. Hepatic portal vein, and
  3. Splenic vein
78
Q

The spleen is located in what abdominal region

A

Left hypochondrium

79
Q

The spleen is connected to the stomach and kidney by?

A

The greater Omentum

80
Q

Blood supply to the spleen is by?

A

Splenic artery

81
Q

The spleen is innervated by

A

Coeliac plexus

82
Q

A bean shaped organ in the body is known as

A

The kidney

83
Q

Which kidney is placed lower in the body

A

The right kidney

84
Q

The kidney is a retroperitonial organ, this means?

A

The kidney is located behind the peritoneum

85
Q

Blood supply to the kidneys is through

A

Renal arteries

86
Q

Blood Drainage from kidney is through

A

Renal vein

87
Q

The supra renal glands are located?

A

On the medial aspects of the upper poles of each kidney

88
Q

How many supra renal glands are there?

A

2

89
Q

Blood supply to the supra renal glands is through

A

The superior, middle and inferior adrenal arteries

90
Q

An applied anatomy is

A

Pheochromocytoma

The Mediverse 2.2 (13 decks)

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