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The Mediverse 2.2 > Gross Anatomy (Abdomen) > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy (Abdomen) Flashcards

1
Q

The middle part of the trunk, that encloses the abdominal cavity and it’s contents is called?

A

The Abdominal wall

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2
Q

Superiorly the abdominal wall is bounded by

A

Xiphoid process and costal margins

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3
Q

Inferiorly the abdominal wall is bounded by

A

Pelvis and inguinal ligaments

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4
Q

Posteriorly the abdominal wall is bounded by

A

Vertebral column

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5
Q

The abdominal wall is divided into 2 namely?

A
  1. Anterolateral, and
  2. Posterior abdominal walls
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6
Q

The layers of the Abdominal wall include;

A

Skin - superficial fascia - Muscle - Transversalis peritoneum - extraperitoneal fat - fascia

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7
Q

A thin membrane that covers the viscerals within the abdominal cavity is called

A

Peritoneum

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8
Q

The muscles of the abdominal wall are divided into 2 namely?

A
  1. Anterior abdominal muscles and
  2. Posterior abdominal muscles
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9
Q

The anterior abdominal muscles include;

A
  1. Rectus abdominis with fibrous tendon (Linea Alba)
  2. Pyramidalis
  3. External oblique
  4. Internal oblique
  5. Transversus abdominis
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10
Q

The posterior abdominal muscles include;

A
  1. Quadratus lumborum
  2. Psoas major
  3. Psoas minor
  4. Iliacus (with thoracolumbar & psoas fascia)
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11
Q

The abdomen is divided into how many regions?

A

9 regions

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12
Q

List the 9 regions of the abdomen

A

Right hypochondrium
Epigastrium
Left hypochondrium
Right flank
Umbilical
Left flank
Right groin
Pubic
Left groin

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13
Q

The rectus sheath is formed by

A

Aponeurosis of 3 muscles and the Anterolateral wall

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14
Q

A short passage extending inferiomedially through the lower anterior abdominal wall is known as

A

Inguinal canal

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15
Q

In relations to the inguinal ligament, where does the inguinal canal lie?

A

It lies superior and parallel to the inguinal ligament

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16
Q

Anteriorly, the inguinal canal is bounded by?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique and reinforced by internal oblique

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17
Q

Posteriorly, the inguinal canal is bounded by

A

Transversalis fascia, internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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18
Q

The floor of the inguinal canal is bounded by?

A

Inguinal and lacunar ligaments

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19
Q

The spermatic cord, round ligament and ileo-inguinal nerve are contents of?

A

The inguinal canal

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20
Q

An applied anatomy of the inguinal canal is

A

Inguinal hernias

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21
Q

The are 2 layers of peritoneum.. They are;

A
  1. Parietal peritoneum
  2. Visceral peritoneum
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22
Q

The parietal peritoneum is innervated by?

A

Somatic nerve

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23
Q

The visceral peritoneum is innervated by?

A

Autonomic nerve

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24
Q

A potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is known as

A

Peritoneal cavity

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25
The peritoneal cavity normally contains a small amount of lubricating fluid **True** or **false**
True
26
Inflammation of the peritoneum is
Peritonitis
27
Examples of major abdominal viscerals
1. Liver 2. Gall bladder 3. Biliary tree 4. Stomach 5. Intestines (small and large)
28
Where is the liver located?
It is predominantly located in the right hypochondrium and epigastrium,
29
The folds of the peritoneum that supports the viscerals is known as
Omentum
30
The liver has two surfaces.. Namely;
Diaphragmatic surface, and Visceral surface
31
The right and left lobes of the liver are demarcated by?
Falciform ligament
32
The accessory liver lobes of the caudate and quadrate are separated by?
Porta hepatitis
33
Blood supply to the liver is by
1. Hepatic artery 2. Hepatic portal vein
34
Blood Drainage from the liver is by
Hepatic veins
35
Nerve supply to the liver is via
Hepatic plexus Vagus nerve, and Lower intercostal nerve
36
The inflammation of the liver is known as
Hepatitis
37
Hepatitis is often caused by a viral infection. True/False
True
38
A pear shaped organ that stores bile is called?
Gall bladder
39
The gall bladder is located in what abdominal region?
Right Hypochondriac region
40
The gall bladder is divided into 3, namely;
1. Neck 2. Body 3. Fundus
41
The gall bladder is innervated by
1. Coeliac plexus 2. Vagus nerve
42
An applied anatomy of the gall bladder is
Gall stones
43
A series of GIT ducts that transport bile from the liver to the gall bladder is called?
Biliary tree
44
The hepatoPancreatic ampulla of Vater is formed by the fusion of what 2 ducts?
The common hepatic duct, and The cystic duct
45
A J-shaped organ that temporarily stores food during digestion is called?
The stomach
46
The stomach is located in what abdominal regions?
The epigastric and umbilical regions
47
The stomach is divided into 4 parts , Name them?
1. Cardiac 2. Fundus 3. Body 4. Pylorus
48
The stomach has two borders known as?
Greater and lesser Curvature
49
The term vasculature refers to?
Blood supply, and drainage of an organ
50
Blood supply to the stomach is through?
Right and left gastric arteries Right and left gastro-omental arteries
51
Drainage from the stomach is through
Hepatic portal vein, and superior mesenteric vein
52
Nerve supply to the stomach is through?
Vagus nerve, Splanchnic nerve
53
An applied anatomy of the stomach is?
Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease, also known as GERD
54
How many intestines are found in a human being?
2: Small intestine, Large intestine.
55
The small intestine begins at?
The Pylorus
56
What is the length of the small intestine
6.5 meters
57
The small intestine ends at?
**The Ileocecal junction** (that is, the beginning of large intestine)
58
The small intestine is divided into 3 parts; namely
1. Duodenum 2. Jejenum 3. Ileum
59
The jejenum and ileum attach to the posterior Abdominal wall by?
The mesentery
60
Blood supply to the small intestine is through?
Gastro-duodenal artery, Inferior Pancreaticoduodendal artery
61
Blood Drainage from the small intestine is through
Hepatic portal vein
62
Lymphatic drainage from the small intestine is through
Superior mesenteric nodes
63
The small intestine is innervated by
1. Vagus nerve 2. Greater splanchnic (T⁵-T⁹) nerve 3. Lesser splanchnic (T⁹-T¹⁰) nerve
64
Applied anatomy of the small intestine is
Duodenal ulcers Bowel obstruction
65
The length of the large intestine
1.5 meters
66
The large intestine originates at?
The cecum
67
The large intestine ends at?
The anal canal
68
The large intestine is also known as
Colon
69
The large intestine is divided into 4 parts
1. Ascending colon 2. Descending colon 3. Transverse colon 4. Sigmoid colon
70
List characteristics of the Colon
1. Possession of Haustrum (that is, segments) 2. Wide diameter
71
Blood supply to the large intestine is through
Ileocolic and right colic artery Left colic and sigmoid arteries
72
The left and right colic arteries are derived from!
The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
73
The blood Drainage of the large intestine is through
Hepatic portal vein
74
The large intestine is innervated by
Superior and inferior mesenteric plexuses via **Lumbar and pelvic splanchnic nerve**
75
The Pancreas is located in what abdominal region
Epigastrium and left hypochondrium
76
The Pancreas is divided into 4 parts, namely;
1. Head 2. Uncinate process 3. Neck 4. Body and tail
77
Blood Drainage from the pancreas I through
1. Superior mesenteric vein 2. Hepatic portal vein, and 3. Splenic vein
78
The spleen is located in what abdominal region
Left hypochondrium
79
The spleen is connected to the stomach and kidney by?
The greater Omentum
80
Blood supply to the spleen is by?
Splenic artery
81
The spleen is innervated by
Coeliac plexus
82
A bean shaped organ in the body is known as
The kidney
83
Which kidney is placed lower in the body
The right kidney
84
The kidney is a retroperitonial organ, this means?
The kidney is located behind the peritoneum
85
Blood supply to the kidneys is through
Renal arteries
86
Blood Drainage from kidney is through
Renal vein
87
The supra renal glands are located?
On the medial aspects of the upper poles of each kidney
88
How many supra renal glands are there?
2
89
Blood supply to the supra renal glands is through
The superior, middle and inferior adrenal arteries
90
An applied anatomy is
Pheochromocytoma

The Mediverse 2.2 (13 decks)

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