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The Mediverse 2.2 > General Biochemistry > Flashcards

General Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Biochemical substances that alter the rate of a chemical reactions are called?

A

Enzymes

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2
Q

IUB means

A

International Union of Biochemists

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3
Q

There are 6 classification of enzymes according to the IUB, they are;

A

O- Oxidoreductase
T- Transferases
H- Hydrolases
L- Lyases
I- Isomerases
L- Ligases

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4
Q

Enzymes that catalyse oxidation/Reduction between 2 substrates are called?

A

Oxido-reductases

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5
Q

Enzymes that catalyse the transfer of a functional group other than hydrogen between substrates are called?

A

Transferases

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6
Q

Enzymes catalysing hydrolysis of ester, peptide or glycosidic bond are called?

A

Hydrolases

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7
Q

Enzymes catalysing the removal of groups from substrate by mechanism other than hydrolysis leaving a double bond in one of the products are called?

A

Lyases

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8
Q

Isomerases are enzymes that?

A

Catalyse interconversion of optical, geometrical or positional isomers

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9
Q

Any enzyme catalysing the joining together of 2 compounds with the hydrolysis of high energy compounds are called?

A

Ligases

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10
Q

The minimum amount of energy that must be attained for a reaction to take place is known as?

A

Activation energy

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11
Q

The energy required to bring all molecules in 1 mole of substance to the transitional state is called?

A

Activation energy

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12
Q

When enzymes act, they combine with the substrate to produce transition state requiring lower activation energy than normal.
True or false?

A

True

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13
Q

When a molecules of substrate and a molecule of enzyme reacts, it forms an intermediate called?

A

Enzyme-substrate complex

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14
Q

The site on the substrate where the enzyme binds is known as?

A

The active site

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15
Q

To explain enzyme how enzymes act, 2 theories were proposed.
Name them?

A
  1. Fisher’s lock and key theory (1890)
  2. Koshland’s induced fit theory (1958)
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16
Q

In the Fisher’s lock and key theory, the enzyme is ?

A

The lock

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17
Q

In the Fisher’s lock and key theory, the substrate is ?

A

The key

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18
Q

Mention factors that affect enzymatic reactions?

A
  1. Substrate concentration
  2. Enzyme concentration
  3. Temperature
  4. pH
  5. Inhibitors
  6. Activators
  7. Oxidation
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19
Q

Enzymes generally act with a coenzyme or metal ion.
True or false

A

True

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20
Q

A complete catalytically active enzyme together with its coenzyme and/or its metal ion is called?

A

Apoenzyme or Apoprotein

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21
Q

The additional non-protein component that enzymes require to carry out its catalytic function are called?

A

Co-factors

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22
Q

Co-factors can be either?

A
  1. Complex organic molecules
  2. Inorganic ions
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23
Q

Examples of inorganic ions are?

A

Fe²+
Mn²+
Mg²+
Zn²+

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24
Q

A complex organic cofactor molecules is called?

A

A Coenzyme

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25
Q

A coenzyme or metal ion that is bound to the enzyme protein is called?

A

A prosthetic group

26
Q

Some enzymes require both coenzyme and one or more metals for their activity.
True / False

A

True

27
Q

Enzymes that contain a definite quantity of functional metal retained throughout are?

A

Metalloenzymes

28
Q

Enzymes that bind metals less tightly but require added metals are called?

A

Metal-activated enzymes

29
Q

The difference between metalloenzymes and metal activated enzymes is due to?

A

The affinity of a particular enzyme for its metal ions

30
Q

A unique class of metalloenzymes consisting of clusters of sulphur bridged iron chelates are called?

A

Iron-sulfur enzymes

31
Q

What is an isoenzyme?

A

An isoenzyme exists in multiple forms within a single specie of organism

32
Q

Name one example of an isoenzyme

A

Lactate dehydrogenase.
It occurs in 5 different forms in the tissue of humans

33
Q

Mention 5 uses of enzymes

A
  1. Biological processes
  2. Industries
  3. Vaccine development
  4. Diagnoses of diseases
  5. Beverage/food industries
34
Q

Nucleic acids are Giants polymers of ?

A

Nucleotide

35
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acids are the chemical basis for heredity.
True/False

A

True

36
Q

Genetic information, stored in nucleic acids are found in what part of the cell?

A

The nucleus

37
Q

Examples of nucleic acids include?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

38
Q

__________ are the precursor for synthesis of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

39
Q

The universal currency of energy in biological system is?

A

ATP

40
Q

ADP is also a universal currency of energy.
True/False

A

False

41
Q

Nucleotides are required for activation of intermediates in many biosynthetic pathways.
True/False

A

True

42
Q

______ refers to compounds of carbon with variety of functional groups?

A

Biomolecules

43
Q

There are 4 major biomolecules, names them?

A
  1. Carbonhydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Lipids
  5. Nucleic acid
44
Q

Carbonhydrates that contain the aldehyde group are called?

A

Monosaccharides

45
Q

Carbonhydrates that contain the ketone group are called?

A

Ketoses

46
Q
  1. They mostly have sweet taste
  2. They are optically active
  3. They are reducing sugars
  4. They are soluble in water but insoluble in non-polar solvent
  5. They exhibit stereoisomerism.
    All these are characteristics of what class of carbonhydrates?
A

Monosaccharides

47
Q

Two sugars that differ only in configuration around one carbon atom are called?

A

Epimers

48
Q

D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose are all examples of ______?

A

Epimers

49
Q

The interconversion between 2 anomers of a compound is called?

A

Mutarotation

50
Q

In the formation of cyclic structures, 5 membered rings are known as?

A

Furanose

51
Q

In the formation of cyclic structures, 6 membered rings are known as?

A

Pyranose

52
Q

______are polymery of monosaccharides that are also known as glycans

A

Polysaccharides

53
Q

Homoglycans containing only glucose are called?

A

Glucans

54
Q

Examples of Homoglycans?

A
  1. Starch
  2. Glycogen
  3. Cellulose
55
Q

Examples of Heteroglycans?

A
  1. Agar
  2. Carragenin
56
Q

Starch is composed of 2 types of glucans?

A
  1. Amylose
  2. Amylopectin
57
Q

________ is the main storage polysaccharide in animals?

A

Glycogen

58
Q

_________ is a fibrous tough, water soluble compound.

A

Cellulose

59
Q

Mention the functions of carbonhydrates?

A
  1. It is a major source of energy for the body.
  2. They are precursors to nucleic acid, connective tissues and galactoside
  3. Lactose remains in the Colon and promotes growth of beneficial bacteria.
60
Q

________ are formed from the hydrolysis of proteins?

A

Amino acids

The Mediverse 2.2 (13 decks)

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