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The Mediverse 2.2 > Gross Anatomy (Thorax) > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy (Thorax) Flashcards

1
Q

The upper compartment of the trunk is separated from the abdomen by

A

The diaphragm

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2
Q

The upper compartment of the trunk, that is separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm is called

A

Thorax

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3
Q

The Sternum, Ribs and Thoracic vertebrae collectively make up the?

A

Thorax

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4
Q

The bony thoracic cage, heart, lungs, and other neurovascular bundles make up what region?

A

The thoracic region

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5
Q

The sternum is also known as

A

Breastbone

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6
Q

The sternum comprises 3 parts namely

A
  1. Manubrium (head)
  2. Body
  3. Xiphoid process
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7
Q

The curved surface between the manubrium and body of sternum is known as

A

Sternal angle

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8
Q

There are how many rib pairs?

A

12

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9
Q

True ribs are also known as

A

Vertebrosternal ribs

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10
Q

False ribs are also known as?

A

Verterbrochondal ribs

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11
Q

True ribs are numbered from?

A

Rib 1- 7

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12
Q

False ribs are numbered from ?

A

Rib 8-10

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13
Q

Floating ribs are also called

A

Free ribs

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14
Q

Floating ribs are numbered

A

Rib 11 and 12

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15
Q

The 2 classification of ribs are?

A

Typical and Atypical ribs

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16
Q

Ribs 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 are classed as?

A

Typical ribs

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17
Q

Ribs 1,2,10,11,12 are classed as

A

Atypical ribs

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18
Q

Ribs that follow a generalised structure consisting of head, neck and body are called

A

Typical ribs

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19
Q

They are heart shaped, they have demifacets on the sides, and costal facets on transverse process. All these are properties of what type of thoracic

A

Typical thoracic

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20
Q

Thoracic vertebrae that display variation in the number and location of their facets are called

A

Atypical thoracic

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21
Q

What rib does not move at all during breathing?

A

Rib 1

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22
Q
  1. Manubriosternal joint
  2. Xiphisternal joint
  3. Costovertebral/costotransverse joint
  4. sternocostal joint
  5. Sternoclavicular
  6. Costochondral joints, and
  7. Interchondral joints
    Are joints found in what region
A

Thoracic region

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23
Q

The space within the bony thorax, the diaphragm and suprapleural membrane is called the

A

Thoracic cavity

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24
Q

The Thoracic cavity has two openings, namely;

A
  1. Thoracic inlet, and
  2. Thoracic outlet
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25
Q

The superior border of the thorax is bounded by?

A

The superior thoracic aperture or inlet

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26
Q

The inferior border of the thorax is bounded by the

A

Inferior Thoracic aperture or outlet

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27
Q

The anterior border of the thorax is bounded by the?

A

Sternum

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28
Q

The posterior border of the thorax is bounded by

A

Thoracic vertebrae T1 - T12

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29
Q

The lateral border of the thorax is bounded by

A

Mid axial line along the ribs

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30
Q

The inferior thoracic aperture is largely filled by?

A

The diaphragm

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31
Q

An unpaired dome shaped skeletal muscle sheath located in the trunk is known as the?

A

Diaphragm

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32
Q

What closes the inferior thoracic aperture and separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

The diaphragm

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33
Q

The primary muscle that is active in inspiration is

A

Diaphragm

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34
Q

The origin and insertion of the diaphragm is

A

The xiphoid process (anteriorly),
11th and 12th rib (laterally) and
Lumbar vertebrae (posteriorly)

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35
Q

At rest the right dome of the diaphragm rests slightly higher than the left. This is because of the presence of what organ?

A

The Liver

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36
Q

Some important structures that Pierce the diaphragm?

A

Vena cava
The oesophageal opening
Aortic hiatus

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37
Q

Blood supply to the diaphragm is via

A

Subcostal arteries and inferior intercostal arteries

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38
Q

The involuntary periodic contraction of the diaphragm causes

A

Hiccups

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39
Q

A space in between any 2 consecutive ribs is called

A

Intercostal space

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40
Q

Examples of intercostal muscles are;

A

Internal intercostal muscle
External intercostal muscle
Innermost intercostal muscle

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41
Q

The external intercostal muscle acts to?

A

Elevate the ribs

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42
Q

The internal intercostal muscle acts to?

A

Depress the ribs

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43
Q

In males, the nipple lies in the what intercostal space?

A

The 4th

44
Q

The 2 ribs which are not easily palpable are?

A

The 1st and the 12th

45
Q

The sternal angle corresponds to what thoracic vertebrae

A

T4/T5

46
Q

Where can the trachea be felt?

A

At the suprasternal notch (at the upper border of the sternum

47
Q

The suprasternal notch is also known as?

A

Jugular notch

48
Q

The sternal angle is also known as

A

Angle of louis, or manubriosternal junction

49
Q

The upper margin of the heart, the beginning and end of the arch of aorta, are all important landmarks of the?

A

Sternal angle

50
Q

The scapula begins and ends at what thoracic vertebrae?

A

Begins: t2
Ends at: t7

51
Q

The cardiac notch lies?

A

Behind the 5th and 6th costal cartilages

52
Q

the deep divisions or grooves that separate the lobes within the lungs are known as

A

Fissures of the lungs

53
Q

The tricuspid valve lies?

A

Behind the centre of the sternum

54
Q

The pulmonary and aortic cardiac valves lie?

A

Deep to the left 3rd sternocostal junction

55
Q

The thick mass of tissue which occupies the middle of the thoracic cavity and lies between the two lungs is called?

A

The Mediastinum

56
Q

The Mediastinum is divided into 2, namely?

A
  1. Inferior mediastinum
  2. Superior mediastinum
57
Q

The borders of the mediastinum include?

A

Anteriorly: manubrium
Posteriorly: upper 4 thoracic vertebrae
Superiorly: thoracic inlet
Inferiorly: line below T4 &T5

58
Q

The inferior Mediastinum is divided into?

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior

59
Q

The narrow space between the pericardium and sternum is called?

A

Anterior mediastinum

60
Q

The heart, phrenic nerves and large blood vessels are contents of what part of the mediastinum?

A

The middle mediastinum

61
Q

The space between the pericardium and vertical part of the diaphragm is

A

The posterior mediastinum

62
Q

What part of the heart is attached to the diaphragm?

A

The pericardium

63
Q

The mediastinum ascends in position when?

A

The abdominal wall is distended e.g pregnancy, or a full stomach

64
Q

The oesophagus, descending aorta, hemiazygous veins, and thoracic duct, are longitudinal structures found in what part of the mediastinum

A

The posterior mediastinum

65
Q

The upper border of the manubrium

A
66
Q

The upper border of the manubruim corresponds to vertebral discs ?

A

T2/T3

67
Q

The sternal angle corresponds to what vertebral disc?

A

T4/T5

68
Q

The Xiphisternal junction corresponds to what vertebral disc?

A

T7

69
Q

The superior angle of the scapula corresponds to what vertebral disc?

A

T2

70
Q

The inferior angle of the scapula corresponds to what vertebral disc?

A

T7

71
Q

The root of the scapula spine corresponds to what vertebral disc?

A

T3

72
Q

In males, the nipple lies?

A

At the 4th intercostal space,
4inches from midline

73
Q

The apex best of the heart is palpated at?

A

5th intercostal space

74
Q

The spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae can be palpated where?

A

Below C7

75
Q

The spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae can be palpated where?

A

Below C7

76
Q

The superior margin of the heart is between?

A

T4/T5

77
Q

The beginning and end of the ascending and descending aorta is at?

A

The sternal angle (T4/T5)

78
Q

The trachea bifurcates at what level?

A

Sternal angle (T4/T5)

79
Q

The root of the lungs correspond to?

A

T4/T5/T6

80
Q

The part of the pleura that covers the apex of the lungs is called?

A

Cervical pleura

81
Q

______ begins at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage in the neck?

A

Trachea

82
Q

The lung is _____ in shape?

A

Conical

83
Q

The apex of the lungs is found where?

A

Behind the middle ⅓ of clavicle.
It reaches above the first run into the root of the neck

84
Q

When remembering the anterior border of pleura, remember?

A

2,4,6

85
Q

A part of the pericardium of not covered with pleura. This is because?

A

The pericardium fuses with the diaphragm

86
Q

Posteriorly, the pleura spans ________

A

T1 - T12

87
Q

The ________is important for surgeons especially during kidney operations?

A

Lower border of pleura, at 10th rib

88
Q

The 8th rib corresponds to?

A

Midclavicular line

89
Q

The 10th rib corresponds to?

A

Midaxillary line

90
Q

The 12th rib lies _______ ?

A

Opposite Lateral border of sacrospinalis muscle

91
Q

The lower border of the pleura reached its lower limit at?

A

Mid axillary line

92
Q

The anterior border of the right and left lungs are different.
True or false?

A

True

93
Q

The lower border of both lungs are the same in neutral position.
True or false

A

True

94
Q

The lower border of the lungs are 2 ribs higher than the lower border of pleura.
True or false?

A

True

95
Q

The cardiac notch lies behind?

A

5th and 6th costal cartilages

96
Q

The posterior border of the lungs in both right and left are not the same.
True or false

A

False.
They are the same

97
Q

The point at which structures enter it exit the lungs is called?

A

Root of the lungs

98
Q

The area of the heart that is not covered by the lungs is called ________?

A

Area of complete dulliness of the heart

99
Q

The lungs have 2 fissures, namely?

A
  1. Oblique fissure
  2. Horizontal fissure
100
Q

Which fissure of the lung is found only in the right lung?

A

Horizontal fissure.

101
Q

The size of the heart in each person is ______?

A

It corresponds to the size of each person’s clenched fist

102
Q

The location of the heart of described using 4 points, name them

A

Point 1: lower border of the 2nd left costal cartilage
Point 2: upper border of 3rd right costal cartilage
Point 3: 6th right costal cartilage
Point 4: lower border of 5th left intercostal space

103
Q

The width of the body is the sternum is ___

A

3cm

104
Q

_____ separates the atria from the ventricles, and is also known as Coronary sulcus

A

Atrioventricular sulcus

105
Q

The tricuspid valve lies behind the central sternum at _____

A

4th intercostal space

106
Q

The opening and closing the pulmonary valve is best heard at

A

2nd sternocostal junction

The Mediverse 2.2 (13 decks)

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