Renal Cancer

Question 1

Most common in which gender

Answer 1

Males

Question 2

Mean age of onset

Answer 2

55

Question 3

Most arise from which structure

Answer 3

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 4

Most common tumour

Answer 4

Clear cell

Question 5

Most common tumour in children

Answer 5

Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma)

Question 6

Risk factors

Answer 6

Male 
>55
smoking
Obesity
Hypertension
Tuberous sclerosis

Question 7

Bilateral multifocal tumour suggests which condition

Answer 7

Von-Hippel Lindau

Question 8

How are most renal cancers found

Answer 8

Incidental (50%)

Question 9

Israels triad of symptoms

Answer 9

Loin pain, mass in hypochondrium, haematuria

Question 10

Paraneoplastic syndrome symptoms

Answer 10

Weight loss
Haematuria
Hypertension (increased renin secretion)
Hypercalcaemia

Question 11

Histological appearance

Answer 11

Large, yellow mass with solid, cystic and necrosis surface

Question 12

Investigations

Answer 12

FBC
USS KUB
Triple phase contrast CT (Diagnostic)
CXR- cannon ball metastases

Question 13

What staging is used

Answer 13

Robson

Question 14

Describe robson staging

Answer 14

1. confined to kidney
2. Involves peri-nephric fat
3. spread to renal vein
4. spread to organs

Question 15

Treatment

Answer 15

Radical nephrectomy

Partial nephrectomy