Renal Calculi Flashcards
1
Q
Common in what age group
A
20-40
2
Q
More common in which gender
A
Males
3
Q
Most common stone
A
Calcium oxalate
4
Q
Uric acid stones are precipitated by what
A
Chemotherapy
High protein diet
5
Q
Drugs which cause calculi
A
Diuretics Antacids Steroids Aspirin Allopurinol
6
Q
What conditions cause stones
A
Hyperparathyroidism Sarcoidosis Cancer Recurrent UTI Dehydration
7
Q
Presentation
A
colic- ‘loin to groin’
Nausea + vomiting
Patient cannot sit still
8
Q
What kind of haematuria may be present
A
Microscopic
9
Q
Investigations
A
KUB xray
CT- definitive
10
Q
What relaxes the ureter to ease the passage of a stone
A
Tamsulosin
11
Q
how long should you give for a stone to pass
A
4 weeks
12
Q
surgery for removing stones that have not passed
A
Ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy (contraindicated in active infection)
13
Q
Treatment of obstruction caused by calculi
A
Urgent percutaneous nephrostomy
