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Year 2: Renal > Glomerulonephritis > Flashcards

Glomerulonephritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is it

A

Immune mediated inflammation of the glomeruli

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2
Q

Types of primary

A 
Minimal change 
IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 
Membranous 
Membranoproliferative
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3
Q

Causes of secondary

A

Malignancy
Infection/drugs
Systemic disease

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4
Q

Which type of nephropathy is most common

A

IgA nephropathy

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5
Q

IgA nephropathy is preceded by what

A

Resp or GI infection

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6
Q

IgA nephropathy associated with which systemic condition

A

HSP

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7
Q

Describe HSP

A

Purpuric rash on extensor surfaces (particularly buttocks/back of legs), polyarthritis, colitis

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8
Q

Seen on biopsy of IgA nephropathy

A

Mesangial cell proliferation

IgA deposits

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9
Q

Presentation of IgA nephropathy

A

Haematuria
Proteinuria
Hypertension

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10
Q

1st line treatment of IgA nephropathy

A

Ciclosporin

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11
Q

What cells are damaged in minimal change nephropathy

A

Podocytes

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12
Q

What cells mediate minimal change nephropathy

A

T cells

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13
Q

What is seen on electron microscopy of minimal change nephropathy

A

Foot process fusion

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14
Q

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

Minimal change nephropathy

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15
Q

Signs of nephrotic syndrome

A

Proteinuria (>3g/24hr) Hypoalbuminaemia (>30g/L)
Odema (Sodium retention)
Hypercholesterolaemia
Hypertriglycerideaemia

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16
Q

1st line treatment of minimal change nephropathy

A

Prednisolone 60mg orally

17
Q

2nd line treatment of minimal change nephropathy not responsive to steroids

A

Cyclophosphamide

18
Q

Commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

Focal segmental glomeruloscerolis

19
Q

What is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with

A

HIV
Obesity
Heroin

20
Q

50% of patients progress to ESFR in which type of glomerulonephritis

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

21
Q

Treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

A

Prolonged steroids

22
Q

What is seen on biopsy of membranous nephropathy

A

Sub-epithelial immune complex deposition in the basement membrane- ‘spike + dome’ appearance

23
Q

Antibody seen in 70% of patients with membranous nephropathy

A

anti-PLA2r

24
Q

What is membranous nephropathy associated with

A 
SLE
Hep B
Hodgkins lymphoma 
Gold
Penicillamine
25
Q

Treatment of membranous nephropathy

A

Steroids
B cell monoclonal antibodies
Alkylating agents

26
Q

Urinary sediments in rapid progressive glomerulonephritis

A

RBCs

RBC + granular casts

27
Q

What is seen in biopsy of rapid progressive glomerulonephritis

A

Cresents affecting glomeruli

28
Q

Haemoptysis + rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis suggests which autoimmune disease

A

Goodpastures disease

29
Q

Anti-body present in good pastures disease

A

Anti-GBM

30
Q

Anti-dsDNA present in blood suggests which disease is causing glomerulonephritis

A

SLE

31
Q

ANCA positive immune diseases that cause rapidly progressive GN

A

GPA (cANCA)

EGPA (pANCA)

32
Q

1st line treatment of rapidly progressive GN

A

Immunosuppression with high dose corticosteroids
Cyclophosphamide
Plasmapheresis

33
Q

Which types of glomerulonephritis present with nephrotic syndrome

A

Minimal Change
Focal segmental
Membranous

34
Q

Treatment of nephrotic syndrome

A 
Fluid+ Salt restriction
Thiazide diuretic followed by furosemide if unresponsive
ACEi/ARB
Anti-coagulation
Statin for hypercholesterolaemia 
IV albumin if volume deplete

Year 2: Renal (25 decks)

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