renal anatomy and disease Flashcards
how much water is in average individual?
42L (60% body weight)
what are intracellular ions?
high K+
low Na+
low cl-
what are extracellular ions?
lowK+
high Na+
high cl-
what is renal agenesis?
where kidneys dont develop (fatal)
give some kidney abnormalities
ectopic kidneys horseshoe kidneys (fused)
increased risk of stones
what are structures in kidney longitudanal section?
cortex, medullary ray, capsule, papilla,(preceding calyx) calyx, (urine drains into before leaving) ureter, pelvis, hilus
what are structures of the nephron?
proximal tubule, bowmanns capsule, loop of henle, collecting duct
what is glomerular filtration rate?
125ml/min
what are different types of nephron?
superficial (85%) higher - capsule and tube in cortex juxtamedullary nephron (15%) (lower)
what is renal failure defined as?
a fall in GFR - increase in serum urea and creatine
what happnes in chronic renal failure?
decrease in haem level (anaemia)
decrease in renal size
peripheral neuropathy
what happens in acute renal failure?
haem level and renal size remains same
peipheral neuropathy absent
what is peripheral neuropathy?
peripheral nerve damage leading to problems with sensation and movement
what is uraemia?
describes group of symtoms in renal failure
what is renal failure progression?
thickening glomerular membranes
damage glomeruli
progressive scarring of glomeruli and tubular atrophy and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis
reduction in renal size
