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Physiology > GI tract > Flashcards

GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

what are salivary glands?

A

submandibular
parotid
sunlingual (below tongue)

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2
Q

what are parts of small intestine?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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3
Q

what are parts of large intestine?

A 
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon 
sigmoid colon
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4
Q

what are parts of stomach?

A 
pylorus 
antrum
fundus 
cardia
body
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5
Q

what happens in hirschprungs ?

A

enlarged colon

myenteric plexus loss (all or some of colon has no innervation)

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6
Q

what are endocrine cells?

A

Gcells - release gastrin (stimulate parietal cells)
Dcells - secrete somatostatin (inhibit gastrin release)
Enterochromaffin like cell - secrete histamine (stimulate acid secretion)

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7
Q

what does prostaglandin inhibit?

A

histamine

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8
Q

what virus can cause ulcers?

A

H.pylori

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9
Q

what else can cause ulcers?

A

coffee+alcohol (stimulate parietal cells)
non-steroidal antiinflammatory sdrugs (NSAIDS)
- these decrease prostaglandin levels which decreases inhibition of histamine (more acid secretion)

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10
Q

what does gastric juice contain?

A 
water + ions 
HCl ( low PH)
pepsinogen (proenzyme of pepsin)
instrinsic factor (glycoprotein)
mucus
gastrin (regulates acid secretion )
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11
Q

why is stomach PH low?

A

prevents bacterial growth

catalyses cleavage of PEPSINOGENS to PEPSIN

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12
Q

what are gastric secretion phases?

A

Cephalic phase
gastric phase
intestinal phase

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13
Q

What are GI tract layers?

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscular
serosa

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14
Q

what are ducts?

A

intercalated
striated
excretory

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15
Q

what are saliva compounents?

A

water, enzymes, proteins, mucus,

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16
Q

what does parietal cell do?

A

H+ and Cl- secretion against conc gradient (has lots of mitochondria)
adic secretion

17
Q

what is difference between amino acid and peptide transport?

A

Amino acid is Na dependent

peptides are H dependent

18
Q

where do proteins, carbs and lipid go to when digested?

A

proteins + carbs - hepatic portal vein

lipids - lacteal system (can reform in cells as chylomicrons)

19
Q

what are disacharides broken into?

A

maltose - glucose + glucose
sucrose - glucose + fructose
lactose - glucose + galactose

20
Q

what are peyers patches?

A

areas of lymphoid tissue - local immune response in large intestine

21
Q

how is saliva produced?

A

acinar cells produce primary saliva
pass through intercalated and striated ducts
modified by ductal cells
myoepithelial cells contract and eject saliva into mouth

Physiology (18 decks)

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