Renal: AKI-Phases, etiology, and symptoms Flashcards
What are the 3 phases?
- Prerenal
- Intrarenal
- Postrenal
What causes prerenal? (5)
Decreased circulating blood volume secondary to:
- Dehydration
- Hypotension
- Decreased CO
- Embolism
- Sepsis
What are symptoms of pre-renal?
Decrease in renal blood flow causes:
- Prolonged HYPOtension (sepsis, vasodilation)
- Prolonged low CO (HF, cariogenic shock)
- Prolonged volume depletion (dehydration, hemorrhage)
- Renovascular thrombosis (thromboemboli)
What are the causes of intrarenal?
*commonly called acute tubular necrosis
- Due to disturbances within the glomerulus or renal tubule
- Actual nephron damage with decreased GFR
-Others: acute glomerulonephrotos, acute pyelonephritis, acute cortical necrosis, HTN, diabetes, Rhabdo, nephrotoxic drugs
Symptoms of intrarenal?
- Kidney ischemia
- Endogenous toxins (rhabdo, TLS)
- Exogenous toxins (radiocontrast dye, nephrotoxic drugs)
- Infection
Post renal causes?
OBSTRUCTIONS:
- Stenosis
- Kidney stones
- Prostate disease
- Bladder obstruction or infection
Post renal symptoms?
Obstruction to urinary outflow from kidneys
What stage?
Decreased CO causes
Prerenal
What stage?
Due to disturbances with the glomerulus or renal tubules
Intrarenal
What stage?
Prolonged low CO
Prerenal
What stage?
Prolonged hypotension
Prerenal
What stage?
Decrease in renal blood flow
Prerenal
What stage?
Endogenous toxins like rhabdo or TLS
Intrarenal
What stage?
Prolonged volume depletion
Prerenal
What stage?
Stenosis causes
Post renal
