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PPClues > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

0
Q

What is goldblatt’s kidney?

A

Flea-bitten kidney (blown capillaries)

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1
Q

Which part of the nephron concentrates urine?

A

Medulla

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2
Q

What is Uremia?

A

Azotemia + symptoms

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3
Q

What is Azotemia?

A

^ BUN / Cr

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4
Q

What is Nephritic kidney disease?

A

^ size of fenestrations => vasculitis

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5
Q

What is nephrotic kidney disease?

A

Lost BM charge due to deposition on heparin sulfate => massive proteinuria and lipiduria

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6
Q

What is seen in RPGN (Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis)?

A

Crescents

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7
Q

What is Post-Strep GN?

A

Subepithelial, IgG/C3/C4 deposition, ASO Ab

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8
Q

What is Interstitial Nephritis?

A

Urine eosinophils

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9
Q

What is Lupus nephritis?

A

Subepithelial

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10
Q

What is MGN (membranoglomerulonephritis)?

A

Deposition

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11
Q

What is MPGN (Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis)?

A

Tram-tracks (type II has low C3)

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12
Q

What is MCD (Minimal Change Disease)?

A

Kids, fused foot processes, no renal failure, loss of charge barrier

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13
Q

What is FSGS (Focal segmental Glomerulosclerosis)?

A

AA, HIV pts

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14
Q

What are the vasculitis w/ low C3?

A

“PMS in Salt Lake City”

Post-strep GN
MPGN type II
SBE
Serum sickness
Lupus
Cryoglobulinemia
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15
Q

What is the most common cause of kidney stones?

A

Dehydration

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16
Q

What are the most common type of kidney stones?

A

Calcium pyrophosphate

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17
Q

What type of kidney stones have coffin-lid crystals?

A

Triple phosphate

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18
Q

What type of kidney stones have rosette crystals?

A

Uric acid

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19
Q

What type of stones have hexagonal crystals?

A

Oxalate

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21
Q

What disease has Aniridia?

A

Wilm’s Tumor

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22
Q

What disease has Iridocyclitis?

A

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

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23
Q

What is Phimosis?

A

Foreskin scarred at penis head (foreskin stuck smooshed up)

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24
Q

What is Paraphimosis?

A

Foreskin scarred at penis base (retraction of foreskin => strangulates penis)

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25
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A

Urgency leads to complete voiding (detrusor spacity –> small bladder volume)

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26
Q

What is stress incontinence?

A

Weak pelvic floor muscles (estrogen effect)

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27
Q

what is overflow incontinence?

A

runs down leg but can’t complete empty bladder

28
Q

what structures have one-way valves?

A

urethra, ejaculatory duct

29
Q

What structore have fake sphincters?

A

Ureters, LES, Ileocecal valve

30
Q

What has WBC casts?

A

Nephritis

31
Q

What has WBC casts only?

A

Pyelonephritis (sepsis)

32
Q

What has WBC = eosinophils?

A

Interstitial nephritis (allergies)

33
Q

What has WBC casts + RBC casts?

A

Gomerulonephritis

34
Q

What has fat casts?

A

nephrotic syndrome

35
Q

what has waxy casts?

A

chronic renal failure

36
Q

what has tubular casts?

A

ATN (Acute Tubular Necrosis)

37
Q

what has muddy brown casts?

A

ATN (acute Tubular Necrosis)

38
Q

what has hyaline casts?

A

normal sloughing

39
Q

what has epithelial casts?

A

normal sloughing

40
Q

what has crescents?

A

RPGN

41
Q

How do you measure afferent renal function?

A

Creatinine (or inulin)

42
Q

How do you measure efferent renal function?

A

BUN (or PAH)

43
Q

What is the afferent arteriole’s job?

A

Filter

44
Q

What is the efferent arteriole’s job?

A

Secrete

45
Q

How do you test afferent arteriole function?

A

GFR

46
Q

How do you test efferent arteriole function?

A

RPF

47
Q

What is pre renal failure?

A

Low flow to kidney (BUN:Cr>20)

48
Q

What is renal failure?

A

Damage glomerulus (BUN:Cr <20)

49
Q

What is post renal failure?

A

Obstruction (havent peed in last 4 days)

50
Q

What is the job of the proximal tubule?

A

Reabsorb glucose, amino acids, salt, bicarb

51
Q

What is the job of the thin ascending limb?

A

Reabsorb water

52
Q

What is the job of the thick ascending limb?

A

Make the concentration gradient by reabsorbing Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca without water

53
Q

What is the job of the early distal tubule?

A

Concentrate urine by reabsorbing NaCl (hypotonic)

54
Q

What is the job of the late distal tubule?

A

Final concentration of urine by reabsorbing water, excretion of acid (isotonic)

55
Q

What does the macula densa do?

A

Measures osmolarity

56
Q

What does the J-G apparatus do?

A

Measures volume

57
Q

What is Fanconi’s syndrome?

A

Old tetracycline use => urine phosphates, glucose, amino acids

58
Q

What is Bartter’s syndrome?

A

Baby w/ defective triple transporter (low Na, Cl, K w/normal BP)

59
Q

What is Psychogenic polydipsia?

A

No concentrating ability -> cerebral edema

60
Q

What is hepatorenal syndrome?

A

High urea from liver -> increase glutaminase -> NH4 -> GABA -> kidney stops working

61
Q

What is. Type1 RTA?

A

Distal renal tubular acidosis: H/K in CD is broken -> high urine pH (UTI, stones, Li)

62
Q

What is type 2 RTA?

A

Proximal RTA:bad CA-> lost all bicarb -> low urine pH (multiple myeloma)

63
Q

What is type 3 RTA?

A

RTA I + RTA II -> normal urine pH (5-6)

64
Q

What is type 4 RTA?

A

Infarct J-G -> no renin -> no Aldo -> high k (DM, NSAIDs, ACE I, Heparin)

65
Q

What is Central pontine myelinolysis?

A

Due to correcting Na faster than 0.5mEq/hr

PPClues (24 decks)

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