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PPClues > Gastro > Flashcards

Gastro Flashcards

0
Q

What disease has an apple core xray?

A

Cancer

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1
Q

What disease has a corckscrew xray?

A

Esophageal spasm

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2
Q

What disease has a stacked coin xray?

A

Intussusception

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3
Q

What disease has a thumbprint xray?

A

Toxic mega colon

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5
Q

What disease has a abrupt cutoff xray?

A

Volvulus

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6
Q

What disease has a barium clumping x-ray?

A

Celiac Sprue

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7
Q

What disease has a bird’s beak x-ray?

A

Achalasia

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8
Q

What disease has a string sign x-ray?

A

Pyloric Stenosis

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9
Q

What disease have solid dysphagia?

A

Schatzki rings, stricture, cancer

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10
Q

What diseases have solid and water dysphagia?

A

Esophageal spasm, scleroderma, achalasia

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11
Q

What is Barret’s Esophagus?

A

Metaplasia, ^ Adeno CA risk

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12
Q

What are Esophageal Varices?

A

Vomit blood everywhere, portal HTN

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13
Q

what is Mallory Weiss?

A

Tear LES mucosa, chronic vomiters

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14
Q

What is Boerhaave´s?

A

Tear all layers of esophagus, left sided pneumo/pain/effusion

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15
Q

what is Achalasia?

A

lost LES auerbach´s. bird beaks, Chaga´s, choke on solids

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16
Q

What is Hirchsprung´s?

A

Lost rectum Auerbach´s, no meconium passage

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17
Q

What is a Zenker´s diverticulum?

A

Cough undigested food from above UES, halitosis

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18
Q

What is a tractiom diverticulum?

A

Eat big bolus => gets stuck above LES

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19
Q

What is Plummer-Vinson Syndrome?

A

esophageal webs, spoon nails, Fe deficiency anemia

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20
Q

What are Schatzki rings?

A

Esophageal webs in lower esophagus

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21
Q

What is a TE fistula?

A

Choke with each feeding

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22
Q

What is Esophageal atresia w/ TE fistula?

A

Vomit w/1st feed, doublé bubble, Downs

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23
Q

What is Pyloric Stenosis?

A

Projectile vomiting (3-4 wk old), RUQ olive mass

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24
Q

How does Choanal atresia presents?

A

turn blue with feeding

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25
Q

How is Tetrology of Fallot presentation different?

A

turn blue with crying

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26
Q

What makes Scleroderma unique?

A

low LES pressure

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27
Q

What makes Esophageal spasms unique?

A

high peristalsis

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28
Q

What makes Achalasia unique?

A

low peristalsis and high LES pressure

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29
Q

What disease has a RUQ olive mass?

A

Pyloric stenosis

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30
Q

What disease has a RLQ sausage mass?

A

Intussusception

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31
Q

What is a Bezoar?

A

Mass of hair or vegetables => antrum obstruction

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32
Q

What is Gastritis type A?

A

Upper GI bleed, anti parietal cell Ab

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33
Q

What is Gastritis type B?

A

Upper GI bleed, spicy foods, H. pylori

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34
Q

What is a duodenal ulcer?

A

Too much acid: pain after meal/ at night, type O blood, H. pylori, pain relieved by eating

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35
Q

what is a gastric ulcer?

A

Broken mucus layer: pain during meal, NSAIDs, type A blood

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36
Q

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

Fundus slides from esophageal hiatus to thorax => sucks acid into thorax

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37
Q

What is Rolling hiatal hernia?

A

Fundus sticks trough hole in diaphragm, strangulates bowel “rolls through a hole”

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38
Q

What is Menetrier’s disease?

A

Protein losing, thick stomach rugal folds

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39
Q

What defines Constipation?

A

< 3 BM per week

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40
Q

What defines diarrhea?

A

> 200g per day

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41
Q

What is Osmotic diarrhea?

A

watery

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42
Q

what is secretory diarrhea?

A

laxative use

43
Q

What is inflammatory diarrhea?

A

Blood, pus

44
Q

what is Celiac sprue?

A

Jejunum, wheat allergy, villous atrophy, anti-gliadal Ab

45
Q

What is tropical sprue?

A

Ileum celiac sprue

46
Q

What is Mesenteric Ischemia?

A

Pain out of proportion to exam

47
Q

What bugs cause bloody diarrhea?

A

“CASES”

Campylobacter
Amoeba (E. histolytica)
Shiguella
E. coli
Salmonella
48
Q

What is the difference b/w 1 Cirrhosis and 1 Sclerosing Cholangitis?

A

1 Biliary Cirrhosis: anti mitochondrial Ab, bile ductules destroyed, xanthelasma

1Sclerosing Cholangitis: p-ANCA Ab, bile duct inflammation, beading, onion skinning, associated with UC

49
Q

What is Ascending cholangitis?

A

common duct stone gets ingected

50
Q

what are the signs of alcoholic cirrhosis?

A

spider angioma, palmar erythema, Dupuytren’s contractions, gynecomastia

51
Q

What is Hepatorenal Syndrome?

A

Pts w/lver disease build up liver toxins that cause renal failure

52
Q

What is Cholangitis?

A

Inflammation of bile duct => charcots triad, Reynolds pentad

53
Q

What is Cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of gall bladder => Murphy’s sign

54
Q

What is Cholelithiasis?

A

Formation of gallstones => RUQ colic

55
Q

What is Choledocholithasis?

A

Gallstones obstructs bile duct

56
Q

What is Cholestasis?

A

Obstruction of bile duct => pruritis, ^ alkaline phosphatase, jaundice

57
Q

What is Conjugated bilirubin?

A

Water soluble “direct”

58
Q

What is unconjugated bilirubin?

A

Fat soluble “indirect”

59
Q

What is the most common type of gallstone?

A

Cholesterol (can’t see on x-ray)

60
Q

What type of gallstones can be seen on x-ray?

A

Ca-bilirubinate

61
Q

What is Xanthoma?

A

Cholesterol buildup (elbow or Achilles)

62
Q

What is Xanthelesma?

A

Triglyceride build up (under eye)

63
Q

What does high cholesterol cause?

A

Atherosclerosis

64
Q

What does high triglycerides cause?

A

Pancreatitis

65
Q

What is type 1 Hyperlipidemia?

A

Bad Liver LL (CM)

66
Q

What is type 2a Hyperlipidemia?

A

Bad LDL or B-100 receptors: trapped in ER (LDL only)

67
Q

What is type 2b Hyperlipidemia?

A

Less LD/VLDL receptors (LDL/VLDL)

68
Q

What is type 3 Hyperlipidemia?

A

Bad Apo E (IDL/VLDL)

69
Q

What is type 4 Hyperlipidemia?

A

Bad Adipose LL (VLDL only)

70
Q

What is type 5 Hyperlipidemia?

A

Bad C2 (VLDL/CM) b/c C2 stimulates LL

71
Q

What is Crigler-Najjar?

A

Unconjugated bilirubin, usually in infants

72
Q

What is Gilbert syndrome?

A

Glucuronyl transferase is saturated => stress unconjugated bilirubin

73
Q

What is Rotor’s?

A

Bad bilirubin storage=> conjugated bilirubin

74
Q

What is Dubin-Johnson?

A

Bad bilirubin excretion => black liver

75
Q

What is Cullen’s sign?

A

Bleed around umbilicus => hemorrhagic pancreatitis

76
Q

What is turner’s sign?

A

Bleed into flank => hemorrhagic pancreatitis

77
Q

What test is used for following pancreatitis?

A

Amylase- sensitive, breaks down carbs

Lipase- specific, breaks down TGs

78
Q

What does Ranson’s criteria tell you?

A

Poor prognosis for pancreatitis patients

79
Q

What is Ranson’s criteria at presentation?

A

“WAGLA”

WBC: >16k/ul (infection)
Age: >55 (usually multiple illness)
Glucose: >200 mg/dL (islet cells are fried)
LDH: >350 IU/L (cell death)
AST: >250 IU/L (cell death)
80
Q

What is Ranson’s criteria at 48 hr?

A

“BuCH was a SOB”

BUN: ^ >5 mg /dL (v renal blood flow)
Ca: 10% (bleed into pancreas)
Sequester >6 L fluid => 3rd spacing
pO2:  ARDS)
Base deficit >4 mEq/L (diarrhea => pancreatic enzymes are dead)
81
Q

What is Carcinoid syndrome?

A

Diarrhea, flushing, wheezing

82
Q

What produces Currant Jelly sputum?

A

Klebsiella

83
Q

What produces Currant Jelly stool?

A

Intussusception

84
Q

What is Gardener’s syndrome?

A

Familial polyposis w/bone tumors

85
Q

What is Turcots syndrome?

A

Familial polyposis w/brain tumors

86
Q

What is familial polyposis?

A

100% risk of colon cancer, APC defect=> annual colonoscopy at 5y/o

87
Q

What is Peutz-Jegher syndrome?

A

Hyperpigmented mucosa => dark gums/vagina

88
Q

What is Chron’s disease?

A

IBD w/ cobblestones, melena, creeping fat, fistulas

89
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

IBD w/pseudopolyps, hematochezia, lead pipe colon, toxic megacolon

90
Q

What is Intussusception?

A

Currant jelly stool, stacked coin enema, sx come and go

91
Q

How does Diverticulosis present?

A

Bleeds

92
Q

How does Diverticulitis presents?

A

Hurts

93
Q

How does spatic colon presents?

A

Intermittent severe cramps

94
Q

How does IBS presents?

A

Alternating diarrhea /constipation

95
Q

How does external hemorrhoids present?

A

Pain

96
Q

How does Internal Hemorrhoids present?

A

No pain

97
Q

What is pseudo membranous colitis?

A

Overgrowth of C. Difficile due to normal flora being killed off, usually by Clindamycin use

98
Q

What is whipple’s disease?

A

T. Whippleii destroy GI tract, then spread causing malabsorption, arthralgia

99
Q

What color is an upper GI bleed?

A

Black

100
Q

What color is a lower GI bleed?

A

Red

101
Q

What adds color to stool?

A

Bilirubin

102
Q

What is the default color of stool?

A

Clay-colored

103
Q

What is the default color of urine?

A

Tea-colored

PPClues (24 decks)

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