Neurology

Question 1

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord; oligodendrocytes

Question 2

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

Everything else; Schwann cells

Question 3

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 3

Automatic stuff

Question 4

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 4

Moving your muscles

Question 5

What is the parasympathetic system?

Answer 5

Rest and Digest = slows stuff down

Question 6

How does the parasympathetic system behave?

Answer 6

DUMBBELS

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis "constrict"
Bradycardia
Bronchoconstrict
Erection "point"
Lacrimation
Salivation

Question 7

What is the sympathetic system?

Answer 7

Fight or Flight= speeds stuff up

Question 8

How does the sympathetic system behave?

Answer 8

Opposite of Parasympathetic

Constipation
Urinary retention
Mydriasis "eyes wide with fright"
Tachycardia
Bronchodilate
Ejaculation "shoot"
Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
Xerostoma (dry mouth)

Question 9

What is Cushings triad?

Answer 9

HTN, bradycardia, irregular breathing

Question 10

What is Budd-Chiari?

Answer 10

Hepatic Vein obstruction

Question 11

What is Arnold-Chiari?

Answer 11

Foramen magnum obstruction

Question 12

What is anencephaly?

Answer 12

Notochord did not make contact with brain = only have medulla

Question 13

What is an Encephalocele?

Answer 13

Brain tissue herniation

Question 14

What is a Dandy Walker malformation?

Answer 14

No cerebellum, distended 4th/ lateral ventricles

Question 15

What is an Arnold-Chiari malformation?

Answer 15

Herniation of cerebellum through foramen magnum

Type I: cerebellar tonsils (asymptomatic)
Type II: cerebellar vermis / medulla => hydrocephalus, syringomyelia (loss of pain/temp)

Question 16

What is Spina bifida occulta?

Answer 16

Covered by skin w/tuft of hair

Question 17

What is Spina bifida aperta?

Answer 17

Has opening (high AFP)

Question 18

What is a Meningocele?

Answer 18

Sacral pocket w/ meninges in it

Question 19

What is a Meningomyelocele?

Answer 19

Sacral pocket w/meninges and nerves in it

Question 20

What is a Open angle glaucoma?

Answer 20

Overproduction of fluid => painless ipsilateral dilated pupil, gradual tunnel vision, optic disc cupping

Question 21

What is Closed Angle Glaucoma?

Answer 21

Obstruction of canal of Schlemm => sudden onset, pain, emergency

Question 22

What are the Watershed areas?

Answer 22

Hippocampus, aplenic flexure

Question 23

What bug loves the frontal lobe?

Answer 23

Rubella

Question 24

What bug loves the temporal lobe?

Answer 24

HSV

Question 25

What bug loves the parietal lobe?

Answer 25

Toxoplasma

Question 26

What bug loves the hippocampus?

Answer 26

Rabies

Question 27

What bug loves the posterior fossa?

Answer 27

TB

Question 28

What bug loves the DCML tract?

Answer 28

Treponema

Question 29

How do migraines present?

Answer 29

Aura, photophobia, numbness and tingling, throbbing HA, nausea

Question 30

How do tension headaches present?

Answer 30

"band like" pain starts in posterior neck, worse as day progresses, sleep disturbances

Question 31

How do cluster headaches present?

Answer 31

Rhinorrhea, unilateral orbital pain, suicidal, facial flushing, worse with lying down

Question 32

How does temporal arteritis present?

Answer 32

Pain with chewing, blind in one eye

Question 33

How does trigeminal neuralgia present?

Answer 33

Sharp, shooting face pain

Question 34

What are the 2 kinds of partial seizures?

Answer 34

Simple (aware), Complex (not aware)

Question 35

What are the3 kinds of generalized seizures?

Answer 35

Tonic-Clonic "Grand mal" Absence "Petit mal" Status Epilepticus

Question 36

How does an epidural hematoma present?

Answer 36

Intermittent consciousness, "lucid interval"

Question 37

How does a subdural hematoma present?

Answer 37

Headache 4wks after trauma, elderly (loose brain)

Question 38

How does a subarachnoid hemorrhage present?

Answer 38

"Worst headache of my life", h/o berry aneurysm

Question 39

What is an Astrocytoma?

Answer 39

Rosenthal fibers, #1 in kids w/ occipital headache

Question 40

What is an Ependymoma?

Answer 40

Perivascular Rosettes, in 4th ventricle, hydrocephalus

Question 41

What is a Craniopharyngioma?

Answer 41

Motor oil biopsy, tooth enamel, Rathke's pouch, ADH problem, bitemporal hemianopsia, supra tentorial..CHILDREN!!!!

Question 42

What is Glioblastoma multiforme?

Answer 42

GRADE 4 Astrocytoma Pseudopalisading, necrosis, worst prognosis, intralesional hemorrhage Most common in adults

Question 43

What is Hemangioblastoma?

Answer 43

Cerebellum, von Hippel Lindau

Question 44

What is Medulloblastoma?

Answer 44

Pseudorosettes (Homer wright rosette) , compresses brain (4th ventricle) , early morning vomiting Children

Question 45

What is a Meningioma?

Answer 45

Parasagittal, psammomma bodies, whorling pattern, best prognosis

Question 46

What are the most common places to metastasize to the brain?

Answer 46

From lung, breast, skin, see at white-grey junction

Question 47

What is an Oligodendroglioma?

Answer 47

Fried egg appearance, nodular calcification

Question 48

What is a Pinealoma?

Answer 48

Loss of upward gaze, loss of circadian rhythms=> precocious puberty

Question 49

What is Schwannoma?

Answer 49

CN8 tumor, unilateral deafness

Question 50

What is a Neurofibromatosis?

Answer 50

Cafe au lait spots (hyperpigmentation => peripheral nerve tumors, axillary freckle Type 1 "Von Recklinghausen's": Peripheral (Chr #17), optic glioma, Lisch nodules, scoliosis Type 2 "Acoustic neuroma": Central (Chr#22), cataracts, bilateral deafness

Question 51

What is Sturge-Weber?

Answer 51

Port wine stain big purple spot on forehead, angioma of retina

Question 52

What is Tuberous Sclerosis?

Answer 52

Ash leaf spots (hypopigmentation, 1 brain tumors, Heart rhabdomyomas, Renal angiomiolipoma, Shagreen spots (leathery)