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PPClues > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord; oligodendrocytes

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2
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Everything else; Schwann cells

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3
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Automatic stuff

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4
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Moving your muscles

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5
Q

What is the parasympathetic system?

A

Rest and Digest = slows stuff down

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6
Q

How does the parasympathetic system behave?

A

DUMBBELS

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis "constrict"
Bradycardia
Bronchoconstrict
Erection "point"
Lacrimation
Salivation
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7
Q

What is the sympathetic system?

A

Fight or Flight= speeds stuff up

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8
Q

How does the sympathetic system behave?

A

Opposite of Parasympathetic

Constipation
Urinary retention
Mydriasis "eyes wide with fright"
Tachycardia
Bronchodilate
Ejaculation "shoot"
Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
Xerostoma (dry mouth)
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9
Q

What is Cushings triad?

A

HTN, bradycardia, irregular breathing

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10
Q

What is Budd-Chiari?

A

Hepatic Vein obstruction

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11
Q

What is Arnold-Chiari?

A

Foramen magnum obstruction

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12
Q

What is anencephaly?

A

Notochord did not make contact with brain = only have medulla

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13
Q

What is an Encephalocele?

A

Brain tissue herniation

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14
Q

What is a Dandy Walker malformation?

A

No cerebellum, distended 4th/ lateral ventricles

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15
Q

What is an Arnold-Chiari malformation?

A

Herniation of cerebellum through foramen magnum

Type I: cerebellar tonsils (asymptomatic)
Type II: cerebellar vermis / medulla => hydrocephalus, syringomyelia (loss of pain/temp)

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16
Q

What is Spina bifida occulta?

A

Covered by skin w/tuft of hair

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17
Q

What is Spina bifida aperta?

A

Has opening (high AFP)

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18
Q

What is a Meningocele?

A

Sacral pocket w/ meninges in it

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19
Q

What is a Meningomyelocele?

A

Sacral pocket w/meninges and nerves in it

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20
Q

What is a Open angle glaucoma?

A

Overproduction of fluid => painless ipsilateral dilated pupil, gradual tunnel vision, optic disc cupping

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21
Q

What is Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

Obstruction of canal of Schlemm => sudden onset, pain, emergency

22
Q

What are the Watershed areas?

A

Hippocampus, aplenic flexure

23
Q

What bug loves the frontal lobe?

24
Q

What bug loves the temporal lobe?

25
Q

What bug loves the parietal lobe?

A

Toxoplasma

26
Q

What bug loves the hippocampus?

27
Q

What bug loves the posterior fossa?

28
Q

What bug loves the DCML tract?

29
Q

How do migraines present?

A

Aura, photophobia, numbness and tingling, throbbing HA, nausea

30
Q

How do tension headaches present?

A

“band like” pain starts in posterior neck, worse as day progresses, sleep disturbances

31
Q

How do cluster headaches present?

A

Rhinorrhea, unilateral orbital pain, suicidal, facial flushing, worse with lying down

32
Q

How does temporal arteritis present?

A

Pain with chewing, blind in one eye

33
Q

How does trigeminal neuralgia present?

A

Sharp, shooting face pain

34
Q

What are the 2 kinds of partial seizures?

A

Simple (aware), Complex (not aware)

35
Q

What are the3 kinds of generalized seizures?

A

Tonic-Clonic “Grand mal”
Absence “Petit mal”
Status Epilepticus

36
Q

How does an epidural hematoma present?

A

Intermittent consciousness, “lucid interval”

37
Q

How does a subdural hematoma present?

A

Headache 4wks after trauma, elderly (loose brain)

38
Q

How does a subarachnoid hemorrhage present?

A

“Worst headache of my life”, h/o berry aneurysm

39
Q

What is an Astrocytoma?

A

Rosenthal fibers, #1 in kids w/ occipital headache

40
Q

What is an Ependymoma?

A

Perivascular Rosettes, in 4th ventricle, hydrocephalus

41
Q

What is a Craniopharyngioma?

A

Motor oil biopsy, tooth enamel, Rathke’s pouch, ADH problem, bitemporal hemianopsia, supra tentorial..CHILDREN!!!!

42
Q

What is Glioblastoma multiforme?

A

GRADE 4 Astrocytoma
Pseudopalisading, necrosis, worst prognosis, intralesional hemorrhage

Most common in adults

43
Q

What is Hemangioblastoma?

A

Cerebellum, von Hippel Lindau

44
Q

What is Medulloblastoma?

A

Pseudorosettes (Homer wright rosette) , compresses brain (4th ventricle) , early morning vomiting

Children

45
Q

What is a Meningioma?

A

Parasagittal, psammomma bodies, whorling pattern, best prognosis

46
Q

What are the most common places to metastasize to the brain?

A

From lung, breast, skin, see at white-grey junction

47
Q

What is an Oligodendroglioma?

A

Fried egg appearance, nodular calcification

48
Q

What is a Pinealoma?

A

Loss of upward gaze, loss of circadian rhythms=> precocious puberty

49
Q

What is Schwannoma?

A

CN8 tumor, unilateral deafness

50
Q

What is a Neurofibromatosis?

A

Cafe au lait spots (hyperpigmentation => peripheral nerve tumors, axillary freckle

Type 1 “Von Recklinghausen’s”: Peripheral (Chr #17), optic glioma, Lisch nodules, scoliosis
Type 2 “Acoustic neuroma”: Central (Chr#22), cataracts, bilateral deafness

51
Q

What is Sturge-Weber?

A

Port wine stain big purple spot on forehead, angioma of retina

52
Q

What is Tuberous Sclerosis?

A

Ash leaf spots (hypopigmentation, 1 brain tumors, Heart rhabdomyomas, Renal angiomiolipoma, Shagreen spots (leathery)

PPClues (24 decks)

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