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Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

How do you know it’s an anaerobe?

A

Gas, bad odor

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2
Q

What makes an adequate sputum sample?

A

25 leukocytes per low power field

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3
Q

What bug causes acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Strep viridians (attacks damaged valves)

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4
Q

How do you diagnosed Rheumatic Fever?

A

Need at least 2 “SPECC”

Subcutaneous nodules
Polyarthritis
Erythema Marginatum (red margins)
Chorea (Sydenham's)
Carditis (MS>AS>TS) "MAT"
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5
Q

What are the only Gram - diplococci?

A

Neisseria

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6
Q

What is the only Gram + diplococci?

A

Streo pneumo

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7
Q

What bugs cause heart block onfections?

A

“Dont TeLL Chaga”

Diphtheria
Typhoid fever (salmonella typhii)
Legionella
Lyme disease
Chagas disease (Whipple's)
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8
Q

What are the IgA protease bugs?

A

Strep pneumo
H. influenza
Neisseria catt

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9
Q

What do the IgA protease bugs cause?

A

Sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis

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10
Q

What are the simple Gram-bugs?

A

“simple HE”
H-influenza
E.coli

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11
Q

What are the atypical (no cell wall) bacteria?

A 
"CLUMsy"
Chlamydia
Legionella
Ureaplasma
Mycoplasma
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12
Q

What is the only Gram + endotoxin?

A

Listeria

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13
Q

What are the Gram - exotoxins?

A

H influenza, Bordetella Pertussis

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14
Q

What are the spore forming Gram + bacteria?

A

Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium botulinum

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15
Q

What bugs cause walking pneumonia?

A 
"Come My Love for a walk?
0-2 mo: Chlamydia pn
10-30 y: Mycoplasma pn
>40 y: Legionella pn
AIDS/Premies: Pneumo Jirovecii
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16
Q

What causes Cryoglobulinemia?

A 
"I AM HE"
Influenza
Adenovirus
Mycoplasma
Hep B, C
EBV
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17
Q

What are the Silver Stainers?

A 
"HaLV-C=Comma"
H. pylori
Listeria
Vibrio
Campylobacter
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18
Q

What bacteria cause diarrhea

A

“CBS”
Clostridium
Bacillus cereus
Staph aureus

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19
Q

What are the Gram - capsules?

A

“Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules”

Salmonella
Klebsiella
H influenza B
Pseudomonas
Neisseria
Citrobacter
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20
Q

What is the Gram + Capsule?

A

Strep Pneumo

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21
Q

What are the Urease + bugs?

A 
"Urease PPUNCH"
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Ureoplasma
Nocardia
Cryptococcus
H Pylori
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22
Q

What bugs cause Monocytosis?

A 
"STELS" 
Syphilis
TB
EBV
Listeria
Salmonella
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23
Q

What are the big Mama Anaerobes?

A

Bacteroides fragilis
Strep Bovis
C. septicum

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24
Q

What bugs disrupt G proteins?

A

Pertussis: inhibits Gi
Cholera: Stimulates Gs
E. coli: Stimulates Gs

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25
Q

What bacterias causes UTIs and prostatitis?

A

E.coli
Proteus
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas

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26
Q

What bug is associated w/cat scratch?

A

Bartonella henselae

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27
Q

What bug is associated w/cat saliva?

A

Pasturella multocida

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28
Q

WHat bug is associated w/ cat pee?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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29
Q

What bug is associated w/cat caca?

A

Toxocara cati

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30
Q

What disease are caused by the Ixodes Tick?

A

Lyme disease -bull’s eye lessions
Babesiosis - hemolytic anemia
Ehrlichiosis - puncture near eye

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31
Q

What bug causes hospital abscesses?

A

Day 1-3: Staph aureus - lots of O2
Day 4-7: Strep viridans: no enzymes
Day >7: Anaerobes - PMNs

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32
Q

What kind of patients does Staph and Pseudomonas like to attack?

A

DM
Cystic fibrosis pt
Burns pts
Neutropenic pts

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33
Q

What disease have granulomas?

A 
TB
Sarcoidosis
Syphilis
Histiocytosis X
The -ellas
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34
Q

What disease provide malaria protection?

A

Sickle cell: AAs

G-6PD: Mediterraneans

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35
Q

What bug causes multiple liver abscesses?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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36
Q

What bug causes multiple cerebral abscesses?

A

Citrobacter

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37
Q

What has multiple lung aneurysms?

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu

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38
Q

What bugs cause Loeffler syndrome?

A 
"NASSA" 
Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
Schistosomiasis
Strongyloides
Ascaris lumbricoides
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39
Q

What is the symptom of Loeffler syndrome?

A

Pulmonary eosinophilia

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40
Q

What is PIE syndrome?

A

Pulmonary Infiltrate w/ Eosinophilia

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41
Q

What disease have PIE syndrome?

A

Aspergillus, Loeffler’s, Churg-Strauss

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42
Q

What disease does Coxsackie A cause?

A

Hand-foot-mooth disease

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43
Q

What disease does Coxsackie B cause?

A

Endocarditis, DM type 1

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44
Q

What bugs cause Meningitis?

A

0-2mo: “baby BEL”
Group B strep
E coli
Listeria

> 2mo: Strep pneumo
10-21y/o: N. meningitidis

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45
Q

What are the CSF lab vales for Meningitis?

A

PMNs-> bacteria
T cells/MP->nonbacterial
Normal glucose -> viral

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46
Q

What does the Hep B Core Ag tell you?

A

Gone before pt has symptoms (2 mo)

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47
Q

What does the core Ab tell you?

A

Past infection

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48
Q

What does the surface Ag tell you?

A

Current infection

49
Q

What does the surface Ab tell you?

A

Vaccination has occurred

50
Q

What does the E Ag tell you?

A

Transmissibility/infectivity

51
Q

What does the E Ab tell you?

A

Low transmissibility

52
Q

What antibody shows past Hep A infection?

A

IgG

53
Q

What antibody shows current Hep A infection?

A

IgM

54
Q

What type of people does Hep E like to infect?

A

Pregnant women. Asians

55
Q

What is associated with Staph aureus?

A

Cellulitis, dairy products, gold pigment, endocarditis, styes, hordeolum (on eyelid)

56
Q

What is associated with Strep pyogenes?

A

“LINES”, ASO, hyaluronic acid capsule

57
Q

What is associated with Staph epidermidis?

A

Central lines, VP shunts, white pigment

58
Q

What is associated w/ Propionibacterium?

A

Acne, Progesterone=> propionic acid

59
Q

What is associated w/Pateurella?

A

Cat/dog saliva => cellulitus w/lymphadenitis

60
Q

What is associated w/Staph saprophyticus?

A

Female UTIs, honeymooners cystitis

61
Q

What is associated w/ Hemophilus aegyptus?

A

Swollen eyeball w/pus

62
Q

What is associated w/Francisella tularensis?

A

Ulcers at rabbit or deer tick bite site (Tx: Streptomycin)

63
Q

What is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Otitis externa, ecthyma granulosum, loves rubber, whirlpool folliculitis, ADP ribosylates EF-2

64
Q

What is associated w/Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Otitis media, red bulging tympanic membrane

65
Q

What is associated w/ Fusobacterium?

A

Painful mouth ulcers, gum pus, Vincents angina

66
Q

What is associated w/Strep mutans?

A

Dental Cavities

67
Q

What is associated w/ Strep viridans?

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis, green pigment

68
Q

What is associated w/Strep salivarius?

A

Cold agglutinin test

69
Q

What is associated w/Strep pyogenes?

A

Rheumatic fever, strain 12=>PSGN

70
Q

What is associated w/ Group C Strep?

A

Pharyngitis

71
Q

What is associated w/ Corynebacyerium diphtheriae?

A

Chinese letters, gray pseudomembrane, suffocation, ADP ribosylates EF2, heart block, Elek test

72
Q

What is associated w/ Strep pneumonia?

A

Gram + diplococci, rusty sputum, IgA protease, vaccine covers 23 strains

73
Q

What is associated w/ H influenza?

A

Gram - pleomorphic rod, Factors V/X, 5 C-ribose capsule, B-type:meningitis, epiglottitis, sepsis

74
Q

What is associated w/ N Catarrhalis?

A

Loves mucus-> attacks respiratory tract

75
Q

What is associated w/ Chlamydia psittaci?

A

Parakeets, parrots

76
Q

What is associated with Chlamydia pneumonia?

A

Staccato coughing, elementary and reticulate bodies

77
Q

What is associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

Bullous myringitis, ground glass CXR, P1 protein, erythema multiforme

78
Q

What is associated w/ Legionella pneumonia?

A

AC ducts, silver stains lung, CYEA, pontiac fever, Legionnaire’s pneumonia

79
Q

What is associated with Pnuemocystis Jiroveciinia?

A

AIDS, premies, rusty sputum, silver stains lung, ^ LDH (Tx: steroids)

80
Q

What is associated with Clostridium botulinum?

A

Canned food, honey, inhibits Ach release, resp failure, stool toxin (Tx: Penicillin)

81
Q

What is associated with Clostridium tetani?

A

Rusty nail wounds, inhibits Gly release, resp failure, risus sardonicus, tennis, racquet shape

82
Q

What is associated with Bordetella pertussis?

A

Whooping cough, ADP ribosylates Gi

83
Q

What is associatedw/Bacillus antracis?

A

Black eschar, woolsorter’s lung disease, D-Glu, boxcar-like spore (Tx: Ciprofloxacin)

84
Q

What is associated with H pylori?

A

Duodenal ulcers

85
Q

What is associated with Salmonella?

A

Raw chicken & eggs, tutles, rose typhoid spots, H2S, sickle cell osteomyelitis

86
Q

What is associated w/ Campylobacter jejuni?

A

Raw chicken & eggs, very bloody diarrhea, inactivated by gastric juice, Guillain-Barre, seagull -shape

87
Q

What is associated with clostridium perfringes?

A

Holiday ham & turkey, DM gas gangrene, soil/feces

88
Q

What is associated w/ Bacillus cereus?

A

Fried rice, pre-formed toxin

89
Q

What is associated with Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Raw cabbage, hot dogs, spoiled milk, migrant workers => heart block, meningitis, abortions

90
Q

What is associated w/ Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

A

Raw fish

91
Q

What is associated with Actinomyces?

A

Face fistulas, sulfur granules

92
Q

What is associated w/ Vibrio vulnificus?

A

Raw oysters, cellulitis in swimmers cuts

93
Q

What is associated with Shigella?

A

Day care outbreaks => seizures, destroys 60 S ribosome, infects M cells

94
Q

What is associated with Vibrio Cholera?

A

Rice water diarrhea, ADP ribosylates Gs

95
Q

What is associated w/ Clostridium difficile?

A

Explosive diarrhea= pseudomembranous colitis

96
Q

What is associated with Yersinis enterolitica?

A

Presents like appendicitis + Reiter’s, bloody diarrhea

97
Q

What is associated w/ Strep bovis?

A

Colon cancer, black pigment

98
Q

What is associated with Clostridium septicum?

A

colon cancer

99
Q

What is associated with ETEC?

A

Traveler’s=> rice-water diarrhea

100
Q

What is associated with EHEC?

A

Hemmorrhagic=> renal failure

101
Q

What is associated w/ EIEC?

A

Inflammatory=> loose stool

102
Q

What is associated w/ EPEC?

A

Pathogenic=> newborn diarrhea

103
Q

What is associated w/ E. coli?

A

Raw hamburger, ADP ribosylates Gs, verotoxin, HUS

104
Q

What is associated w/ Proteus mirabilis?

A

Staghorn calculus, UTI (Tx: Norfloxacin)

105
Q

What is associated w/Klebsiella pneumonia?

A

Alcoholics, currant jelly sputum, UTI lung fissure

106
Q

What is associated w/ Staph saprophyticus?

A

Young & college girls UTIs

107
Q

What is associated with N meningitides?

A

DIC, pili, releases toxin in log phase

108
Q

What is associated with Brucella?

A

farmers/vet, spiking fever 5x/day, animal placentas

109
Q

What is associated w/ R. rikettsii?

A

Ticks=> Rocky mountain spotted fever

110
Q

What is associated w/ R. akari?

A

Mites=> fleshy papules

111
Q

What is associated w/ R typhi?

A

Fleas, starts in armpit

112
Q

What is associated w/ R. prowazekii?

A

Lice, starts on body

113
Q

What is associated w/ R tsutsugamushi?

A

Mites=> scrub typhus

114
Q

What is associated with Coxiella burnetti?

A

Dusty barn=> Qfever

115
Q

What is associated w/ Yersinia pestis?

A

Rats, fleas=> bubonic plague

116
Q

What is associated with Bartonella henselae?

A

Cat scratch => single painful lymph node, silver stains

117
Q

What is associated w/ bacteroides fragilis?

A

Post-op bowel abscess, grows in blood clots

118
Q

What is associated w/ Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Neonatal inturned eyelashes/cornea ulcers

119
Q

What is associated w/Neisseria gonorrhea?

A

Pili, urthritis, tenovitis, septic arthritis

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