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Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Seminal Vesicle give to sperm?

A

Food (fructose) and clothes (semen)

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2
Q

What do the Bulbourethral =Cowper´s gland secrete?

A

Bicarbonate (neutraliza lactobacilli)

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3
Q

What does the Prostate Secrete?

A

“The prostate HAZ it”

Hyaluronidase
Acid Phosphatase
Zinc

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4
Q

What is the Capacitation reaction?

A

Zn used to peel semen off

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5
Q

What is the Acrosomal reaction?

A

Sperms release enzyme to eat corona radiata

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6
Q

What is the Crystalization Reaction?

A

Wall formed after 1 sperm enters (to prevent polyspermy)

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7
Q

Where does the testosterone come from?

A

Adrenal gland and testicles

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8
Q

Where does DHT come from?

A

Testicles (at puberty)

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9
Q

What is a Pseudohermaphrodite?

A

External genitalia problem

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10
Q

What is a True Hemaphrodite?

A

Internal genitalia problem => has both sexes

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11
Q

What is a Female Hemaphrodite?

A

Impossible b/c the default is female

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12
Q

What is a Female Pseudohemaphrodite?

A

XX with low 21 -OHase => high testosterone

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13
Q

What is male Hermaphrosite?

A

XY with no MIF

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14
Q

What is a male Pseudohermaphrodite?

A

XY that has low 17-OHase => low testosterone

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15
Q

What is Hirsutism?

A

Hairy

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16
Q

What is Virilization?

A

Man-like

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17
Q

What is testicular Feminization = Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome?

A

Bad DHT receptor -> XY w/blind pouch vagina

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18
Q

What is McCun-Albright?

A

Precocious sexual development, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia “whorls of CT”, “Coast of Maine”, pigmented skin macules

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19
Q

What is Cryptochordism?

A

Testes never descend => sterility after 15 months seminomas

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20
Q

Which stage of menstrual cycle has the highest estrogen levels?

A

Follicular stage (has proliferative endothelium)

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21
Q

What stage of the menstrual cycle has the highest temperature?

A

Ovulatory stage

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22
Q

What stage of the menstrual cycle has the highest progesterone level?

A

Luteal stage (has secretory endothelium)

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23
Q

What form of estrogen is highest at menopause?

A

E1: Estrone (made by fat)

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24
Q

What form of estrogen is highest in middle age females?

A

E2: Estradiol (made by ovaries)

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25
What form of estrogen is highest at pregnancy?
E3: Estriol (made by placenta)
26
What states have increased estrogen?
Pregnancy, liver failure, p450 inhibition, obesity
27
What is Adenomyosis?
Growth of endometrium -> myometrium, enlarged "boggy" uterus w/cystic areas
28
What does DES taken by mom cause in her daughter?
Adenomyosis -> menorrhagia Clear cell CA of vagina Recurrent abortions
29
What is Kallman's syndrome?
No GnRH, anosmia (can't smell)
30
What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?
^ Cysts: no ovulation -> no progesterone | (^ endometrial CA) -> can't inhibit LH, obese, hairy, acne
31
What is Savage's syndrome?
Ovarian resistance to FSH/LH
32
What is Turner's Syndrome (XO)?
High FSH, low E2, ovarian dysgenesis
33
What does the progesterone challenge test tell you?
Bleeds=> she has estrogen Not bleed=> she has no E2 or ovaries ^FSH -> Ovary problem Low FSH -> pituitary problem
34
What is Sheehan syndrome?
Post-partum hemorrhage-> pituitary, hyperplasia infarcts -> no lactation
35
What is Asherman's syndrome?
Previous D&C ->uterine scars
36
What is Oligomenorrhea?
Too few periods
37
What is Polymenorrhea?
Too many periods
38
What is the most common cause of post coital vaginal bleding?
Cervical cancer
39
What is the most common cause of vaginal bleeding in post menopause women?
Endometrial cancer
40
What is. Chronic Pelvic Pain?
Endometriosis until proven otherwise
41
What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?
Diagnosis of exclusion, usually due to anovulation
42
What is dysmenorrhea?
PGF causes painful menstrual cramps (teenagers miss school/work)
43
What is Endometriosis?
Painful cyclical heavy menstrual bleeding=> "powder burns, chocolate cysts" due to ectopic endometrial tissue
44
What is kleine regnum?
Scant bleeding at ovulation
45
What is menorrhagia?
Heavy menstrual bleeding
46
What is Fibroids= Leiomyoma?
Benign uterus SM tumor * Submucosal type=> bleeding * Subserosal type=> pain
47
What is Metrorrhagia?
Bleeding or spotting in between periods
48
What is Mittelschmerz?
Pain at ovulation
49
What causes Syphilis?
Treponema pallidum (spirochete)
50
What is Herpes?
ds DNA virus
51
What is HPV?
ds DNA virus
52
What is Chlamydia?
Obligate intracellular bacteria
53
What causes Gonorrhea?
Gram - diplococcus
54
What causes Chancroid?
H.ducreyi
55
What causes Lymphogranuloma Venerum?
Chlamydia trachomatis
56
What causes Granuloma inguinale?
C. Granulomatosis
57
What causes Epididymitis?
Chlamydia
58
What is Condyloma Lata?
Flat fleshy warts, ulcerate, 2 syphilis
59
What is Condyloma Accuminata?
Verrucous "cauliflower" warts, koilocytes, HPV 6,11
60
How does Herpes present?
1 grade painful grouped vesicles on red base | 2 grade painful solitary lesion
61
How does Syphilis presents?
1 grade painless chancre (1-6 wks) 2 grade rash, condyloma lata (6wks) 3 grade neuro, cardio, bone (6yrs)
62
How does Chancroid present?
Painful w/ necrotic center, Gram - rod, "school of fish" pattern
63
How does Lymphogranuloma Venerum present?
Painless ulcers-> Abscessed nodes-> genital elephantiasis
64
How does granuloma inguinale present?
Spreading ulcer, donovan bodies, granulation test
65
How does Chlamydia present?
Cervicitis (yellow pus), conjunctivitis, PID
66
How does Gonorrhea present?
Palmar pustules, arthritis, urethral discomfort
67
What is Epididymitis?
Unilateral scrotal pain decreased by support
68
What causes. Congenital blindness?
CMV
69
What causes neonatal blindness?
Chlamydia
70
What is Lichen simplex chronicus?
Raised with lesions, chronic scratching
71
What is Lichen sclerosis?
Paperlike vulva, itching, cancer risk
72
What is Hidradenoma?
Sweat glands cysts
73
What causes non-bacterial fetal infections?
"TORCHS" Toxoplasma: multiple ring-enhancing lesions, cat urine, parietal lobe Others Rubella: cataracts, hearing loss, PDA, meningoencephalitis, pneumonia, "blueberry muffin" rash CMV: spastic diplegia of legs, hepatosplenomegaly, blindness, central calcifications HSV-2: temporal lobe hemorrhagic encephalitis, need C/S prophylaxis Syphilis: Rhagade's (lip fissure), saber shin legs, Hutchison's razor teeth, mulberry molars
74
What is Paget's disease of the breast?
Rash and ulcer around nipple, breast cancer
75
What is lobular carcinoma?
Cells line up single file, contralateral primary
76
What is a Comedocarcinoma?
Multiple focal areas of necrosis, "blackheads"
77
What is inflammatory carcinoma?
Infiltrates lymphatics, pulls on Cooper's ligaments, "peau d'orange"
78
What is cystosarcoma phylloides?
"Exploding mushroom", firm, rubbery, moveable, good prognosis
79
What is Intraductal papilloma?
Nipple bleeding, most common breast CA
80
What is ductal carcinoma?
Worst prognosis breast cancer
81
What is Sarcoma botyroides?
Vagina cancer, ball of grapes
82
What is a Sister Mary Joseph Nodule?
Ovarian CA spread to umbilicus
83
What is Meig's Syndrome?
Pleural effusion, ovarian fibroma, ascites
84
What are the side effects of estrogen?
Weight gain, breast tenderness, nausea, HA
85
What are the side effects of progesterone?
Acne, depression, HTN
86
What is the most common cause of post coital vaginal bleeding?
Placenta Previa

PPClues (24 decks)

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