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PPClues > Gynecology > Flashcards

Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Seminal Vesicle give to sperm?

A

Food (fructose) and clothes (semen)

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2
Q

What do the Bulbourethral =Cowper´s gland secrete?

A

Bicarbonate (neutraliza lactobacilli)

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3
Q

What does the Prostate Secrete?

A

“The prostate HAZ it”

Hyaluronidase
Acid Phosphatase
Zinc

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4
Q

What is the Capacitation reaction?

A

Zn used to peel semen off

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5
Q

What is the Acrosomal reaction?

A

Sperms release enzyme to eat corona radiata

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6
Q

What is the Crystalization Reaction?

A

Wall formed after 1 sperm enters (to prevent polyspermy)

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7
Q

Where does the testosterone come from?

A

Adrenal gland and testicles

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8
Q

Where does DHT come from?

A

Testicles (at puberty)

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9
Q

What is a Pseudohermaphrodite?

A

External genitalia problem

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10
Q

What is a True Hemaphrodite?

A

Internal genitalia problem => has both sexes

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11
Q

What is a Female Hemaphrodite?

A

Impossible b/c the default is female

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12
Q

What is a Female Pseudohemaphrodite?

A

XX with low 21 -OHase => high testosterone

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13
Q

What is male Hermaphrosite?

A

XY with no MIF

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14
Q

What is a male Pseudohermaphrodite?

A

XY that has low 17-OHase => low testosterone

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15
Q

What is Hirsutism?

A

Hairy

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16
Q

What is Virilization?

A

Man-like

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17
Q

What is testicular Feminization = Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome?

A

Bad DHT receptor -> XY w/blind pouch vagina

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18
Q

What is McCun-Albright?

A

Precocious sexual development, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia “whorls of CT”, “Coast of Maine”, pigmented skin macules

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19
Q

What is Cryptochordism?

A

Testes never descend => sterility after 15 months seminomas

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20
Q

Which stage of menstrual cycle has the highest estrogen levels?

A

Follicular stage (has proliferative endothelium)

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21
Q

What stage of the menstrual cycle has the highest temperature?

A

Ovulatory stage

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22
Q

What stage of the menstrual cycle has the highest progesterone level?

A

Luteal stage (has secretory endothelium)

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23
Q

What form of estrogen is highest at menopause?

A

E1: Estrone (made by fat)

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24
Q

What form of estrogen is highest in middle age females?

A

E2: Estradiol (made by ovaries)

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25
Q

What form of estrogen is highest at pregnancy?

A

E3: Estriol (made by placenta)

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26
Q

What states have increased estrogen?

A

Pregnancy, liver failure, p450 inhibition, obesity

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27
Q

What is Adenomyosis?

A

Growth of endometrium -> myometrium, enlarged “boggy” uterus w/cystic areas

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28
Q

What does DES taken by mom cause in her daughter?

A

Adenomyosis -> menorrhagia
Clear cell CA of vagina
Recurrent abortions

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29
Q

What is Kallman’s syndrome?

A

No GnRH, anosmia (can’t smell)

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30
Q

What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?

A

^ Cysts: no ovulation -> no progesterone

(^ endometrial CA) -> can’t inhibit LH, obese, hairy, acne

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31
Q

What is Savage’s syndrome?

A

Ovarian resistance to FSH/LH

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32
Q

What is Turner’s Syndrome (XO)?

A

High FSH, low E2, ovarian dysgenesis

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33
Q

What does the progesterone challenge test tell you?

A

Bleeds=> she has estrogen
Not bleed=> she has no E2 or ovaries
^FSH -> Ovary problem
Low FSH -> pituitary problem

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34
Q

What is Sheehan syndrome?

A

Post-partum hemorrhage-> pituitary, hyperplasia infarcts -> no lactation

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35
Q

What is Asherman’s syndrome?

A

Previous D&C ->uterine scars

36
Q

What is Oligomenorrhea?

A

Too few periods

37
Q

What is Polymenorrhea?

A

Too many periods

38
Q

What is the most common cause of post coital vaginal bleding?

A

Cervical cancer

39
Q

What is the most common cause of vaginal bleeding in post menopause women?

A

Endometrial cancer

40
Q

What is. Chronic Pelvic Pain?

A

Endometriosis until proven otherwise

41
Q

What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Diagnosis of exclusion, usually due to anovulation

42
Q

What is dysmenorrhea?

A

PGF causes painful menstrual cramps (teenagers miss school/work)

43
Q

What is Endometriosis?

A

Painful cyclical heavy menstrual bleeding=> “powder burns, chocolate cysts” due to ectopic endometrial tissue

44
Q

What is kleine regnum?

A

Scant bleeding at ovulation

45
Q

What is menorrhagia?

A

Heavy menstrual bleeding

46
Q

What is Fibroids= Leiomyoma?

A

Benign uterus SM tumor

  • Submucosal type=> bleeding
  • Subserosal type=> pain
47
Q

What is Metrorrhagia?

A

Bleeding or spotting in between periods

48
Q

What is Mittelschmerz?

A

Pain at ovulation

49
Q

What causes Syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum (spirochete)

50
Q

What is Herpes?

A

ds DNA virus

51
Q

What is HPV?

A

ds DNA virus

52
Q

What is Chlamydia?

A

Obligate intracellular bacteria

53
Q

What causes Gonorrhea?

A

Gram - diplococcus

54
Q

What causes Chancroid?

55
Q

What causes Lymphogranuloma Venerum?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

56
Q

What causes Granuloma inguinale?

A

C. Granulomatosis

57
Q

What causes Epididymitis?

58
Q

What is Condyloma Lata?

A

Flat fleshy warts, ulcerate, 2 syphilis

59
Q

What is Condyloma Accuminata?

A

Verrucous “cauliflower” warts, koilocytes, HPV 6,11

60
Q

How does Herpes present?

A

1 grade painful grouped vesicles on red base

2 grade painful solitary lesion

61
Q

How does Syphilis presents?

A

1 grade painless chancre (1-6 wks)
2 grade rash, condyloma lata (6wks)
3 grade neuro, cardio, bone (6yrs)

62
Q

How does Chancroid present?

A

Painful w/ necrotic center, Gram - rod, “school of fish” pattern

63
Q

How does Lymphogranuloma Venerum present?

A

Painless ulcers-> Abscessed nodes-> genital elephantiasis

64
Q

How does granuloma inguinale present?

A

Spreading ulcer, donovan bodies, granulation test

65
Q

How does Chlamydia present?

A

Cervicitis (yellow pus), conjunctivitis, PID

66
Q

How does Gonorrhea present?

A

Palmar pustules, arthritis, urethral discomfort

67
Q

What is Epididymitis?

A

Unilateral scrotal pain decreased by support

68
Q

What causes. Congenital blindness?

69
Q

What causes neonatal blindness?

70
Q

What is Lichen simplex chronicus?

A

Raised with lesions, chronic scratching

71
Q

What is Lichen sclerosis?

A

Paperlike vulva, itching, cancer risk

72
Q

What is Hidradenoma?

A

Sweat glands cysts

73
Q

What causes non-bacterial fetal infections?

A

“TORCHS”

Toxoplasma: multiple ring-enhancing lesions, cat urine, parietal lobe

Others

Rubella: cataracts, hearing loss, PDA, meningoencephalitis, pneumonia, “blueberry muffin” rash

CMV: spastic diplegia of legs, hepatosplenomegaly, blindness, central calcifications

HSV-2: temporal lobe hemorrhagic encephalitis, need C/S prophylaxis

Syphilis: Rhagade’s (lip fissure), saber shin legs, Hutchison’s razor teeth, mulberry molars

74
Q

What is Paget’s disease of the breast?

A

Rash and ulcer around nipple, breast cancer

75
Q

What is lobular carcinoma?

A

Cells line up single file, contralateral primary

76
Q

What is a Comedocarcinoma?

A

Multiple focal areas of necrosis, “blackheads”

77
Q

What is inflammatory carcinoma?

A

Infiltrates lymphatics, pulls on Cooper’s ligaments, “peau d’orange”

78
Q

What is cystosarcoma phylloides?

A

“Exploding mushroom”, firm, rubbery, moveable, good prognosis

79
Q

What is Intraductal papilloma?

A

Nipple bleeding, most common breast CA

80
Q

What is ductal carcinoma?

A

Worst prognosis breast cancer

81
Q

What is Sarcoma botyroides?

A

Vagina cancer, ball of grapes

82
Q

What is a Sister Mary Joseph Nodule?

A

Ovarian CA spread to umbilicus

83
Q

What is Meig’s Syndrome?

A

Pleural effusion, ovarian fibroma, ascites

84
Q

What are the side effects of estrogen?

A

Weight gain, breast tenderness, nausea, HA

85
Q

What are the side effects of progesterone?

A

Acne, depression, HTN

86
Q

What is the most common cause of post coital vaginal bleeding?

A

Placenta Previa

PPClues (24 decks)

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