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1
Q

What are the basic structures of protein?

A

Chains of AMINO ACIDS

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2
Q

Amino acids are made up of what chemical elements?

A

“CHON”

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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3
Q

What initiates flagellar activity and chemotaxis?

A

Chemotactic agent

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4
Q

Mitochondria of the sperm are located in?

A

Tail / neck / base of the head

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5
Q

Sperm can penetrate egg cell using?

A

ACROSOME (carrying enzyme Hyaluronidase)

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6
Q

What is the cellular division PHASE when the CELL STOPS DIVIDING, which is also seen in CARDIAC and NEURONS?

A

G0 phase

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7
Q

PMAT (mitosis steps 1-4) is aka

A

Karyokinesis

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8
Q

What is the phenomenon wherein homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis?

A

Synapsis (prophase1)

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9
Q

Sharing of DNA of two homologous chromosomes or aka the “crossing-over” or “chiastmata formation” of chromosomes is called?

A

Recombination

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10
Q

What are the non-insulin dependent tissues?

A

“BRICKLE”

Brain
RBC
Intestine
Cornea
Kidney
Liver
Exercising skeletal muscles
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11
Q

Basket cells or Myoepithelial cells are found in?

A

Salivary glands

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12
Q

Best example of unicellular gland

A

Goblet cells

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13
Q

The core and glycoaminoglycan (GAGs) project from it like a bristle brush

A

Proteoglycan

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14
Q

Only GAG without proteoglycan

A

Hyaluronic acid

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15
Q

What is the most common adhesion protein found in connective tissue?

A

Fibronectin

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16
Q

What is the adhesion protein found in bone?

A

Osteonectin

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17
Q

What is the most numerous PROTEIN IN ENAMEL?

A

Amelogenin

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18
Q

Disease where the px has EXCESSIVE ELASTIC FIBERS?

A

Marfan syndrome

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19
Q

Disease where the px has DEFECTIVE COLLAGEN FIBERS resulting to flexibility of tissues made up of collagen

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome aka Rubberman syndrome

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20
Q

Disease where the px has DEFECIENT COLLAGEN FIBERS

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta aka brittle bone disease

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21
Q

Type of bone growth that happens in mature bones

A

Appositional

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22
Q

Most numerous to least numerous WBC

A

Mnemonic: “Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”

  1. Neutrophils
  2. Lymphocyte
  3. Monocytes
  4. Eosinophil
  5. Basophil
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23
Q

Universal blood donor

A

O-

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24
Q

Universal blood recipient

A

AB+

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25
Most important chemical for RBC production
Iron
26
Capillary fragility test is also known as
Torniquet test / Rumpel-Leede test
27
Type of capillary pressure that pushes FLUID OUT of capillaries
Hydrostatic pressure
28
Type of capillary pressure that moves the FLUID IN the capillaries; determined by Albumin
Osmotic pressure
29
Red pulp of the spleen contains
RBC and Macrophages
30
White pulp of the spleen contains
B and T lymphocytes
31
What is the embryonic origin of melanocytes and neuroglia
Neural crest cell
32
Combination of stratum BASALE and stratum SPINOSUM is known as
Stratum Germinativum aka MALPHIGIAN Layer
33
Disease assoc with ABSENCE of melanin
Albinism
34
Disease assoc with DEFICIENCY in melanin
Vitiligo
35
Amino acid needed to produce melanin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine and tyroxine
Tyrosine
36
Abnormal thickening of stratum corneum due to constant friction
Callus
37
Excess keratinocytes shedding from the scalp
Dandruffs
38
S.C.A.L.P.
``` Skin Connective tissue Aponeuroses Loose connective tissue Periosteum ```
39
Keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal
Psoriasis
40
Signs and symptoms of Psoriasis
✔️Silver scales ✔️Monroe's Abcess ✔️Auspitz sign
41
abnormal keratin production
Silver scales
42
Cardinal sign of psoriasis
Monroe's abscess
43
Bleeding spots in paoriasis
Auspitz sign
44
What are the epidermal extensions towards dermis
Rete pegs / Epidermal ridges
45
Disease assoc with saw-tooth like rete pegs
Lichen planus
46
What is the most dangerous type of nevus
Junctional nevus
47
What is Vitamin D2
ergoCalCiferol
48
What is Vitamin D3
CholeCalCiferol
49
Found at the center of haversian system or osteon
Haversian canal / Neurovascular bundle
50
Immature bone that is fibrous is called
Woven bone
51
Other name of Alveolar bone proper
``` Bundle bone (go for this✨) Cribriform plate ```
52
Bony plate underlying periosteum and endosteum
Circumferential lamellae
53
Part of circumferential lamellae that is penetrated by sharpey's fibers
Outer circumferential lamellae
54
Part of circumferential lamellae that lines the medullary cavity
Inner circumferential lamellae
55
Site of hematopoiesis site in EMBRYO
Yolk sac / Blood islands
56
Site of hematopoiesis in FETUS
✔️Liver (primarily) ✔️Spleen ✔️Lymph nodes
57
Site of hematopoiesis AFTER BIRTH
Red bone marrow
58
Main bones involved in hematopoiesis in children
Long bones
59
Main bones involved in hematopoiesis in adults
Skull Sternum Vertebra Pelvic bone
60
Most commonly fractured in the human body
Clavicle
61
Most commonly fractured facial bone; absent in Down's syndrome
Nasal bone
62
🔹Other term for nose bleeding | 🔹Kiesselbach's plexus (Little's area; an artery) is damaged
Epistaxis
63
Longest and strongest bone in the human body
Femur
64
Smallest bone
Stapes
65
Strongest bone in the Head and Neck
Petrous part of Temporal bone
66
Strongest facial bone
Mandible
67
Commonly fractured during CPR
Xiphoid process
68
Most common dislocated joint (adult)
Shoulder joint
69
Most common dislocated joint (children)
Elbow joint
70
Largest carpal bone; head-shaped
Capitate
71
Most commonly fractured carpal bone; Boat-shaped
Scaphoid
72
Boat-shaped tarsal bone
Navicular
73
Largest tarsal bone; Heel bone
Calcaneus
74
Ankle bone
Talus
75
Procedure done to add bone between sinus and alveolar bone
Sinus Lift procedure
76
Best 2D radiograph to asses maxillary sinus
Water's view
77
Technique used to open maxillary sinus thru the canine fossa
Caldwell-Luc procedure
78
Framework or Forerunner of the mandible
Meckel's cartilage
79
In a right condylar neck fracture, where is the deviation during opening?
Right side / Same side of fracture
80
During tongue protrusion, tongue deviates to the right. What nerve is damaged?
Right CN XII
81
Cleft of HARD palate is known as
Uranoschisis
82
Cleft of the SOFT palate is known as
Staphyloschisis
83
Infants have a single curvature(spine) which is concave anteriorly
Primary curvature
84
Adults have ___ curvatures
2 - primary and secondary
85
Vertebrae that remained as Primary curvature
Thoracic and Sacrum
86
Secondary curvatures
Cervical and Lumbar
87
What is the treatment for Fractures?
Reduction and Fixation
88
What nitrogen bases are involved in uric acid formation
Purines (Adenine, Guanine)
89
Pathognomonic sign of Gout
Tophi bodies
90
Uric acid crystals in nephron are called
Nephroliths
91
Extraoral headgear for scoliosis and developing Skeletal class III
Milwaukee brace
92
What connects cardiac muscle cells together?
Intercalated disc
93
Glycolysis and Creatinine Phosphate happens in what part of the cell
Cytoplasm
94
Kreb cycle happens in what part of the cell
Mitochondria
95
What 2 cellular junction is found between cardiac muscle cells
✔️Desmosomes | ✔️Gap junctions
96
What is the major muscle for mouth opening
Anterior belly of digastric muscle (V3)
97
What innervates posterior belly of digastric muscle
CN 7
98
Tongue muscles that CHANGES THE SHAPE of the tongue
Intrinsic muscles
99
Suprahyoid muscles
🔹Digastric muscle (Anterior and Posterior belly) 🔹Mylohyoid 🔹Stylohyoid 🔹Geniohyoid
100
Group of muscles that depresses mandible and elevates hyoid
Suprahyoid muscles
101
Group of muscles that depresses hyoid
Infrahyoid muscles
102
Muscles that flex the legs
Hamstring muscles
103
Muscles that extend the legs
Quadriceps muscles
104
Needle angulation Intradermal: Intravenous: Subcutaneous: Intramuscular:
Needle angulation Intradermal: 0-15 Intravenous: 35 Subcutaneous: 45 Intramuscular: 90

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