3. Body Tissues And Connective Tissues Flashcards
4 types of body tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Lines and covers body surfaces and body cavities
Epithelial
Protect support and bind body tissues together
Connective
Type of body tissue for movement
Muscular
Types of muscular tissues
Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac
Type of body tissue that receives stimuli and conducts impulses
Nervous
What type of tissue is the heart
Muscular
Olfactory nerve is what type of tissue
Nervous
Type of tissue - stratified squamous epithelium of esophagus
Epithelial
Sebaceous / Pituitary glands are what type of tissue
Epithelial
Liver is what type of tissue
Connective tissue
Thymus is what type of tissue
Connective
Connection between cell membranes of cells
Cellular junctions
5 cell junctions
Desmosome Hemidesmosome Gap junction Tight junction Adherens junction
Desmosomes is aka
Spot-weld-like / Macula adherens
Attaches cells of the same type
Desmosomes
Attaches cells of different types
Hemidesmosomes
Forms a bridge that allows ion diffusion between cells
Gap junctions
Gap junction are formed by ____ from ____
Connexonx from connexins
Tight junctions is aka
Zona occludens
Adherens junction is aka
Zona adheren
type of cellular junction that prevents leaking of substances
Tight junctions
Cellular junction that prevents separation of epithelial cells during peristalsis
Adherens junctions
Cellular junction seen between EPIDERMIS and CARDIAC muscle cells
Desmosomes
Cellular junction seen between EPIDERMAL CELLS to BASEMENT MEMBRANE
Hemidesmosomes
Location of Gap Junction
Neurons or nerve cells
Cardiac muscle cells
Cellular junctions seen in CARDIAC muscles
Desmosomes
Gap junctions
Cellular junctions seen in EPIDERMIS
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
2 locations of Hemidesmosomes
- between epidermal cells and basement membrane
- between tooth and junctional epithelium (gingiva)
Secretes hormones towards blood. WITHOUT DUCTS
Endocrine glands
Secretes products onto the external syrface. WITH DUCTS
Exocrine gland
Pituitary gland is what type of gland
Endocrine gland
3 exocrine glands
Sebaceous gland
Mammary gland
Salivary gland
What cell junction is destroyed in Pemphigus vulgaris
Desmosomes of epidermis
Cell junction destroyed in Pemphigoid
Hemidesmosomes
Pemphigus vulgaris exhibits “sloughing off” called
Nikolsky sign
Histological charac feature of Pemphigus vulgaris in order to differentiate from Pemphigoid which means separation of cells
Acantholysis
Both an endocrine and exocrine gland
Pancreas
Exocrine portion of Pancreas
Head
Endocrine portion of Pancreas
Tail portion
Exocrine function of Pancreas
Aids in digestion
Endocrine func of Pancreas
“GA-BI”
Glucagon - Alpha cells
Insulin - Beta cells
Major duct of Pancreas
Wirsung’s duct
Accessory duct of Pancreas
Duct of Santorini
3 functional classification of exocrine glands
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine
Releases packaged vesicles
Merocrine
Part of cell will be pinched off
Apocrine
Whole cell ruptures
Holocrine
Func class of salivary glands
Merocrine
Func class of mammary glands
Apocrine
Func class of sebaceous gland
Holocrine
1st milk
Colostrum
Largest major salivary gland
Parotid
Smallest major salivary gland
Sublingual gland
Produces greatest volume of saliva
Submandibular gland
Location of parotid
Anteroinferior to external acoustic meatus / posterior to posterior ramus
Duct and opening of the Parotid
Stensen’s duct: opposite of mx 2nd molar
Duct and opening of Submandibular gland
Wharton’s duct: sublingual caruncle
Sialolith or salivary stones are assoc w this gland because of its angulation = accumulation of CaPO4
Submandibular gland
The only unencapsulated major salivary gland
Sublingual gland
Major duct of sublingual gland
Bartholins duct
Accessory duct of sublingual gland
Rivinu’s duct
Ducts of sublingual gland opens at
Floor of the mouth
Secretion of Parotid gland
Purely serous
Secretion of submandibular gland
Mixed (mostly serous)
Secretion of sublingual gland
Mixed (mostly mucous)
Minor salivary gland located at circumvallate papillae
Glands of von ebner
Minor salivary gland located at posterolateral border of palate
Palatine glands
Minor salivary gland important for retention of dentures
Palatine glands
Largest and least numerous papillae
Circumvallate papillae
Junction of Ant. 2/3 and Post. 1/3 of the tongue where circumvallate papillae is located
Sulcus terminallis
Minor salivary gland secretes purely serous
Glands of von ebner
2 minor salivary gland that secretes purely mucous
Palatine glands
Labial and Buccal gland
Minor salivary gland found in anterior lingual what secretes mostly serous
Glands of Blandin-Nuhn
Basket cells or MYOEPITHELIAL cells are found in
Salivary glands
Basket cells are also found in the
Brain
Best example of unicellular gland
Goblet cells - secretes mucous
Most important func of GAGs
Traps water
Core protein of GAGs
Proteoglycan
GAGs projects like a “___”
Bristle brush
Only GAG without proteoglycan
Hyaluronic acid
What is the most common adhesion protein found in the connective tissue
Fibronectin
Adhesion protein found in bone
Osteonectin
A GAG which attaches connective tissue together (universal glue)
Hyaluronic acid
Most numerous GAGs
Chondroitin sulfate
GAG that is similar to Heparin
Heparan sulfate
GAG found in egg cell, joints, eyeballs
Hyaluronic acid
GAG seen in cartilages
Chondroitin sulfate
GAG found in the skin
Dermatan sulfate
GAG found in cornea
Keratan sulfate
Most numerous protein in the BODY
Collagen
Most numerous protein in the EPIDERMIS (hair)
Keratin
Most numerous protein in the BLOOD
Albumin
Most numerous protein in the MUSCLE
Actin
Largest protein of the body (“Titan”)
Titin
Most abundant type of collagen
Type I collagen
Type of collagen seen in Dermis, bone, dentin and cementum
Type I collagen
Type of collagen seen in Hyaline cartilage (carTWOlage)
Type II collagen
Type of collagen in wound healing
Type I cllagen
Type of collagen seen in Reticular fibers (re3cular)
Type III collgen
Type of collagen seen in BASEMENT membrane (“floor”)
Type IV collagen
Type of collagen seen in Hair and placenta
Type V collagen
Type of collagen in immature tissues
Type I collagen
Highly elastic protein
Elastin
Protein which determines osmotic pressure
Albumin
Normal level of Albumin
3.4 - 5.4 g/dL
What is the most numerous protein in enamel
Amelogenins
What is the disease where the px has EXCESSIVE ELASTIC Fibers
Marfan syndrome
Cause of death in excessive elastic fibers in Marfan syndrome
Bursting of elastic aorta
Ps has DEFECTIVE COLLAGEN FIBERS resulting to flexibility of tissues made up of collagen
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is aka
Rubberman syndrome
Px has DEFICIENT COLLAGEN FIBERS
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta is aka
Brittle bone disease
Protein which determines flexibility of bone
Collagen
Diff dx of Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteoporosis
**Male; 75 yrs old; fracture his foot
Osteoporosis
Disease which usually affects older indiv, mostly females
Osteoporosis
Congenital brittle bone disease
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Charac feature of eyes in Osteogenesis imperfecta
Blue sclera
