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DBE Reviewer > 1. Cellular Anatomy > Flashcards

1. Cellular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Provides shape and does not allow osmosis?

A

Cell wall

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2
Q

What is the function of HISTONES?

A

Attachment

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3
Q

Which has a “bead on strings” appearance?

A

Chromatin

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4
Q

BEFORE cell division

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

DURING cell division

A

ChromatiD

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6
Q

Function of Nuclear pores?

A

Passageway

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7
Q

This is the inactive condensed X chromosome?

A

Barr bodies

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8
Q

Female without barr body?? (44XO)

A

Turner’s syndrome

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9
Q

Male with one barr body (44XXY)

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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10
Q

Female with 3 barr bodies (44XXX)

A

Superwoman syndrome / Triple X syndrome

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11
Q

Characteristics of Klinefelter syndrome

A
  • Gynecomastia
  • Micropenis
  • Dental: Bull’s teeth (TAURODONTISM)
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12
Q

Stage 1: Target lesion/bull’s eye lesion

A

Erythema multiforme

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13
Q

Stage 1 -
2-
3-

A

1- erythema multiforme
2- Steven Johnson syndrome
3- TEN (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis)

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14
Q

Disease caused by Borrelia Burgdorferi? (Tick)

A

Lyme Disease

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15
Q

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is initiated by what digestive organelle?

A

Lysosomes

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16
Q

3 Types of Nuclear Changes during Apoptosis?

A
  • Karyolysis: dissolution
  • Pyknosis: shrinks or napipi (napiPyknosis)
  • KaryorrheXis: fragments (samurai X)
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17
Q

4 other names of KREB CYCLE

A

Citric acid cycle
Tricarboxylic cycle
Aerobic glycolysis
Aerobic respiration

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18
Q

3 ways to produce ATP

A
  • Kreb cycle
  • Glycolysis
  • Creatine phosphate
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19
Q

4 Fuels for Kreb Cycle

A
  • Fatty acids
  • Amino acids
  • Oxygen
  • Pyruvate
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20
Q

Fuel for Glycolysis

A

Glucose

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21
Q

Fuel for Creatine phosphate

A

Creatine phosphate

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22
Q

End products of Kreb cycle

A

36-38 ATP
H2O
CO2

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23
Q

End product of Glycolysis

A

2 ATP

2 Pyruvate

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24
Q

End product of Creatine phosphate

A

1 ATP

1 Creatinine

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25
Site for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
26
Other term for protein synthesis
Translation
27
Ribosomes are composed of what type of RNA
rRNA
28
Ribosomes are created where?
Nucleolus
29
PURINES "Pure As Gold"
Adenine | Guanine
30
PYRIMIDINES
Cytosine Thymine Uracil
31
Nucleic bases that are both DNA/RNA
Adenine Guanine Cytosine
32
Nucleic base which is only RNA
Uracil
33
Nucleic base which is only a DNA
Thymine
34
Direct end product of transcription
mRNA
35
Basic structures of proteins
Amino acids
36
Amino acids are made up of what elements
"CHON" Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen
37
Newly synthesized DNA (Duplicate)
Okazaki fragments
38
Female px breath smells like nail polish remover. What possible disease
Diabetes
39
Smells like acetone
Ketone bodies
40
Excessive breakdown of fats
Lipolysis
41
2 possible sites for protein synthesis
Ribosomes | Rough ER
42
Normal FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) level
70-100 mg/dl
43
How many hours to fast? (FBS)
8-12 hrs
44
After eating: what state are you in? Increase in FBS
Hyperglycemic state
45
During hyperglycemic state, BETA CELLS of pancreas secrete ___
Insulin
46
Insulin sensitive cells
Smooth/Cardiac muscle cells | Adipocytes
47
Is conversion of glucose to fatty acids possible?
Yes
48
Is conversion of fatty acid to glucose possible?
No
49
During hypoglycemia, ALPHA CELLS of the pancreas secrete ___ to maintain FBS
Glucagon
50
Limit of glycogen
2 lbs
51
Excess glycogen converted to ___
Fatty acids (stored in adipocytes)
52
Shape of adipocytes
Signet ring
53
Process: glycogen to glucose
Glycogenolysis
54
Process: proteins to glucose
Gluconeogenesis
55
Packaged products of Golgi app
Lysosomes
56
Cell organelle with cartwheel pattern
Centrioles
57
Cell with cartwheel NUCLEUS or clockface
Plasma cells
58
Increase surface area of a cell for ABSORPTION
Microvilli
59
Epithelial lining of stomach to anus
Simple columnar with microvilli
60
Has a brush border appearance
Microvilli
61
9+2 pattern arrangement
Cilia
62
Cilia is common in the ___ and ___
Respiratory epithelium | Fallopian tube
63
Lining of respiratory epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells
64
Motile, common in sperm cell and bacteria
Flagella
65
Important in mucous production, traps dust
Goblet cells
66
Helps in excretion of mucous
Cilia
67
What initiates flagellar activity and chemotaxis
Chemotactic agent
68
Movement of flagella
Flagellar activity
69
Movement of organism from point A to point B
Chemotaxis
70
Number of sperm to fertilize an egg
100M-250Million
71
Chemotactic agent of sperm
Any round object (egg)
72
Sperm can penetrate egg using ____
Acrosome (contains Hyaluronidase)
73
Protective covering of egg
Hyaluronic acid
74
Mitochondria of sperm are located in
Tail / base of head / neck
75
Part of cell that allows osmosis?
Cell membrane
76
Enlarged/dilated part of Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Terminal cisternae
77
Used to detect kidney problems
Creatinine

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