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DBE Reviewer > 1. Cellular Anatomy > Flashcards

1. Cellular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Provides shape and does not allow osmosis?

A

Cell wall

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2
Q

What is the function of HISTONES?

A

Attachment

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3
Q

Which has a “bead on strings” appearance?

A

Chromatin

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4
Q

BEFORE cell division

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

DURING cell division

A

ChromatiD

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6
Q

Function of Nuclear pores?

A

Passageway

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7
Q

This is the inactive condensed X chromosome?

A

Barr bodies

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8
Q

Female without barr body?? (44XO)

A

Turner’s syndrome

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9
Q

Male with one barr body (44XXY)

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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10
Q

Female with 3 barr bodies (44XXX)

A

Superwoman syndrome / Triple X syndrome

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11
Q

Characteristics of Klinefelter syndrome

A
  • Gynecomastia
  • Micropenis
  • Dental: Bull’s teeth (TAURODONTISM)
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12
Q

Stage 1: Target lesion/bull’s eye lesion

A

Erythema multiforme

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13
Q

Stage 1 -
2-
3-

A

1- erythema multiforme
2- Steven Johnson syndrome
3- TEN (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis)

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14
Q

Disease caused by Borrelia Burgdorferi? (Tick)

A

Lyme Disease

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15
Q

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is initiated by what digestive organelle?

A

Lysosomes

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16
Q

3 Types of Nuclear Changes during Apoptosis?

A
  • Karyolysis: dissolution
  • Pyknosis: shrinks or napipi (napiPyknosis)
  • KaryorrheXis: fragments (samurai X)
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17
Q

4 other names of KREB CYCLE

A

Citric acid cycle
Tricarboxylic cycle
Aerobic glycolysis
Aerobic respiration

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18
Q

3 ways to produce ATP

A
  • Kreb cycle
  • Glycolysis
  • Creatine phosphate
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19
Q

4 Fuels for Kreb Cycle

A
  • Fatty acids
  • Amino acids
  • Oxygen
  • Pyruvate
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20
Q

Fuel for Glycolysis

A

Glucose

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21
Q

Fuel for Creatine phosphate

A

Creatine phosphate

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22
Q

End products of Kreb cycle

A

36-38 ATP
H2O
CO2

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23
Q

End product of Glycolysis

A

2 ATP

2 Pyruvate

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24
Q

End product of Creatine phosphate

A

1 ATP

1 Creatinine

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25
Q

Site for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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26
Q

Other term for protein synthesis

A

Translation

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27
Q

Ribosomes are composed of what type of RNA

A

rRNA

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28
Q

Ribosomes are created where?

A

Nucleolus

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29
Q

PURINES “Pure As Gold”

A

Adenine

Guanine

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30
Q

PYRIMIDINES

A

Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

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31
Q

Nucleic bases that are both DNA/RNA

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine

32
Q

Nucleic base which is only RNA

33
Q

Nucleic base which is only a DNA

34
Q

Direct end product of transcription

35
Q

Basic structures of proteins

A

Amino acids

36
Q

Amino acids are made up of what elements

A

“CHON”

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

37
Q

Newly synthesized DNA (Duplicate)

A

Okazaki fragments

38
Q

Female px breath smells like nail polish remover. What possible disease

39
Q

Smells like acetone

A

Ketone bodies

40
Q

Excessive breakdown of fats

41
Q

2 possible sites for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

Rough ER

42
Q

Normal FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) level

A

70-100 mg/dl

43
Q

How many hours to fast? (FBS)

44
Q

After eating: what state are you in? Increase in FBS

A

Hyperglycemic state

45
Q

During hyperglycemic state, BETA CELLS of pancreas secrete ___

46
Q

Insulin sensitive cells

A

Smooth/Cardiac muscle cells

Adipocytes

47
Q

Is conversion of glucose to fatty acids possible?

48
Q

Is conversion of fatty acid to glucose possible?

49
Q

During hypoglycemia, ALPHA CELLS of the pancreas secrete ___ to maintain FBS

50
Q

Limit of glycogen

51
Q

Excess glycogen converted to ___

A

Fatty acids (stored in adipocytes)

52
Q

Shape of adipocytes

A

Signet ring

53
Q

Process: glycogen to glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

54
Q

Process: proteins to glucose

A

Gluconeogenesis

55
Q

Packaged products of Golgi app

56
Q

Cell organelle with cartwheel pattern

A

Centrioles

57
Q

Cell with cartwheel NUCLEUS or clockface

A

Plasma cells

58
Q

Increase surface area of a cell for ABSORPTION

A

Microvilli

59
Q

Epithelial lining of stomach to anus

A

Simple columnar with microvilli

60
Q

Has a brush border appearance

A

Microvilli

61
Q

9+2 pattern arrangement

62
Q

Cilia is common in the ___ and ___

A

Respiratory epithelium

Fallopian tube

63
Q

Lining of respiratory epithelium

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells

64
Q

Motile, common in sperm cell and bacteria

65
Q

Important in mucous production, traps dust

A

Goblet cells

66
Q

Helps in excretion of mucous

67
Q

What initiates flagellar activity and chemotaxis

A

Chemotactic agent

68
Q

Movement of flagella

A

Flagellar activity

69
Q

Movement of organism from point A to point B

A

Chemotaxis

70
Q

Number of sperm to fertilize an egg

A

100M-250Million

71
Q

Chemotactic agent of sperm

A

Any round object (egg)

72
Q

Sperm can penetrate egg using ____

A

Acrosome (contains Hyaluronidase)

73
Q

Protective covering of egg

A

Hyaluronic acid

74
Q

Mitochondria of sperm are located in

A

Tail / base of head / neck

75
Q

Part of cell that allows osmosis?

A

Cell membrane

76
Q

Enlarged/dilated part of Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Terminal cisternae

77
Q

Used to detect kidney problems

A

Creatinine

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