5. Integumentary System Flashcards
2 parts of the integumentary system
Epidermis
Dermis
Lining of epidermis
Stratified squamous
4 cell types in epidermis
“KeMeLangMerks”
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkels cells
Most numerous cell in the epidermis
Keratinocytes
Cells that produces keratin
Keratinocytes
Most numerous protein in the skin or epidermis
Keratin
Most numerous protein in the body
Collagen
Most numerous protein in the muscle
Actin
Most numerous protein in the BLOOD
Albumin
Cells that produce melanin
Melanocytes
Yellow-red melanin
Pheomelanin
“Pheow.. Yellow”
Brown-black melanin
Eumelanin
“Eu.. You”
Protects us from UV
Melanocytes (melanin)
Are melanocytes resistant or sensitive to light/UV?
Very sensitive to UV or Light
What is the embryonic origin of melanocytes
Neural crest cells
2 cells that are derived from neural crest cells
Melanocytes
Neuroglia (glial cells)
Supporting cells of neurons
Neurogli or glial cells
Macrophage of the epidermis
Langerhans cells
Epidermal layer where langerhans are present
Stratum spinosum
Mechanoreceptor for sense of TOUCH seen in the epidermis
Merkel cells
Mechanoreceptor for LIGHT TOUCH that is seen in the dermis
Meissner corpuscles
Which is more sensitive Merkel or Meissner?
Meissner corpuscles
Least numerous cell in the epidermis
Merkel cells
Merkel cells are located in what layer of epidermis
Stratum basale
Layers of epidermis (from superficial to deep)
“Come Lets Get Some Beer”
Stratum: Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale
Deepest layer of epidermis
Basale
2 epidermal layers which are sites of tonofilament production
Basale and spinosum
Layer of epidermis with highest mitotic activity of keratinocytes
Stratum basale
Future keratin
Tonofilaments
2 other names of stratum spinosum
Spiky layer
Prickle cell layer
Epidermal cell layer with decreased mitotic activity of keratinocytes
Spinosum
Combination of stratum basale and spinosum
Stratum germinativum aka Malphigian layer
Disease assoc with ABSENCE of melanin
Albinism
Disease assoc with DEFICIENCY in melanin
Vitiligo
Amino acid needed to produce melanin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine and tyroxine
Tyrosine
Tyrosine give rise to: (3 derivatives)
Melanin
Dopamine
Tyroxine
DOPA gives rise to:
DOPA ➡️ Dopamine ➡️ Norepinephrine ➡️ Epinephrine
Disease assoc with LACK OF DOPAMINE which results to involuntary movements
Parkinson’s disease
Drug of choice for Parkinson’s disease
Levadopa (L-Dopa)
Tyroxine gives rise to:
T3 and T4
Other name for T3
Triiodothyronine
T4 is aka
Thyroxine
Which is more potent, T3 or T4?
T3
Tulfo triplets = matapang = more potent
More numerous but no use, T3 or T4?
T4
Epidermal layer where cells are undergoing Apoptosis
S. Granulosum
2 granules in S. Granulosum
Keratohylin granules
Lamellar granules
Granules which converts tonofilaments to keratin
Keratohylin granules
Granules in S. Granulosum which is a layer of lipid for protection
Lamellar granules
Other term for S. Lucidum
Clear cell layer / Translucent layer
S. Lucidum is found in _____ skin (3 examples)
Thick skin (palm, soles, fingertips)
Syndrome assoc with Palmoplantar Keratoderma (abnormal thickening of palm and sole)
Papillon-Lefevre syndrome
Dental manifestation of Papillon Lefevre syndrome
Periodontitis in children (puppy = child)
2 diseases assoc with periodontitis in children
✔️ Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (puppy = child)
✔️ Chediak-Higashi syndrome (chanak = child)
Disease assoc with CAFE AU LAIT SPOTS and PERIO in children
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
“C” - Chediak: Cafe
Thickest layer of epidermis
Stratum corneum
Other term for S. Corneum
Horny layer
Abnormal thickening of stratum corneum due to constant friction
Callus
Excess keratinocytes shedding from scalp
Dandruff
Layers of “S.C.A.L.P.”
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Periosteum
Sheddings from other parts of the body (libag)
Dander
Skin disease where keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal
Psoriasis
3 signs and symptoms of Psoriasis
Silvery scales
Monroe’s abscess
Auspitz sign
Abscess assoc with psoriasis; Cardinal sign of Psoriasis
Monroe’s abscess
Bleeding spots in psoriasis
Auspitz sign
Abscess assoc with Osteomyelitis
Brodies abscess
Causative agent of Osteomyelitis
Staph. Aureus
Staphylococcus aureus which is a common bacteria in the skin which also has 2 charac:
Pus producing
Antibiotic resistant
3 assoc with MOTH EATEN radiographic appearance
Ewing’s sarcoma
External root resorption
Osteomyelitis
Malignant cell tumor with 2 Rx app: MOTH EATEN and ONION SKIN
Ewing’s sarcoma
Dermis is made up of what fibers (2)
Collagen and elastic fibers
Provides blood supply for epidermis
Dermis
2 layers of dermis
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
Thinner layer of dermis
Papillary layer
Nipple like projections from dermis towards epidermis
Dermal papillae
Rete pegs aka
Epithelial ridges
Mechanoreceptor in the DERMIS responsible for LIGHT TOUCH sensation
Meissner corpuscles
Nipple like projections from EPIDERMIS to DERMIS (seen in epidermis)
Rete pegs or epithelial ridges
Other name for Meissner corpuscles
Corpuscles of touch
Disease assoc with SAW TOOTH LIKE rete pegs
Lichen planus
White lesion common in Buccal mucosa; can’t be rubbed off with clinical appearance = “wickham’s striae”
Lichen planus
White lesion that can be rubbed off
Candidiasis
Causative agent of Candidiasis
Candida albicans
Drug of choice for candidiasis
Nystatin (antifungal)
White lesion = pre-cancerous and can’t be rubbed off
Leukoplakia
White lesion disappears when stretched; also assoc with accumulation of fluid
Leukoedema
Thicker layer of dermis
Reticular layer
Reticular layer is attached to what layer
Subcutaneous layer / Hypodermis
MAJOR NUTRIENT SUPPLIER for the skin
Reticular layer of dermis
Mechanoreceptor found in Papillary layer of dermis
Meissner corpuscles
Mechanoreceptors found in Reticular layer of dermis
Ruffini’s corpuscle / Bulbous corpuscle
End-bulb of Krause
Mechanoreceptor for HOT
Ruffini’s corpuscle
“RuffiNiT🔥”
What cells are in the hypodermis/subcutaneous layer
Adipocytes
Other name for Ruffini’s corpuscles
Bulbous corpuscles
Mechanoreceptor for STRETCH
Ruffini’s corpuscles
“Luffi” ng One piece anime*
Mechanoreceptor for COLD
End-Bulb of Krause
“Santa Krause❄️”
Mechanoreceptor for PRESSURE and PROPRIOCEPTION
Pacinian corpuscles
“Pasan pasan pacinian”
Onion-shaped mechanoreceptor
Pacinian corpuscle
“Pas-onion..”
Onion skin Rx appearance
Ewing’s sarcoma
Detects BODY POSITIONS; main receptor for proprioception found in joints
Proprioceptors
Mechanoreceptors for PAIN
Nociceptors and free nerve endings
Other term for scar
Cicatrix
Type of collagen present in SCAR
Type 1 collagen
Sunken scar or depressed scar
Atrophic
Slightly elevated scar
Hypertrophic
Excessively elevated scar
Keloid
Other term for freckles
Ephelides/Ephelis
Freckels is composed of
Melanin
Melanocyte overgrowth
Mole/Nevus
Most dangerous type of Nevus
Junctional nevus
Most common type of nevus that transforms to malignant melanoma
Junctional nevus
Deadliest skin cancer
Malignant melanoma
Red protein (composed of RBC) that carries OXYGEN
Hemoglobin
Normal count of hemoglobin (average)
14 g/dL
Normal hemoglobin for females
12-14 g/dL
Normal hemoglobin for males
14-16 g/dL
Responsible for orange pigment and for Vit A or Retinol production
Carotene
Hemoglobin is component of what blood cell
RBC
Vitamin important for vision
Vit A
Other name of Vit A
Retinol
Night blindness bec of deficient in vit A
Nyctalopia
Keratin buildup or mole in the eyes due to lack of vit A
Bitot’s spot
Vitamin important for energy production (muscle/nerve)
Vit B1
Other name for vit B1
Thiamine
Disease assoc with vit B1 deficiency
Beri beri
Vit important for growth, RBC production, and migraines
Vit B2
Other name of vit B2
Riboflavin
Deficiency in vit B2
Angular cheilitis
Other term for angular cheilitis
Perleche
Vit important for digestion
Vit B3
Other name for vit B3
Niacin/Nicotinic Acid
Vit B3 deficiency (4Ds)
Pellagra: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, Death
Vit B4
Adenine
Vit B5
Pantothenic Acid
Vit B6
Pyridoxine
Vit B7
Biotin
Vit B8
Inositol
Vitamin important for PREGNANCY and RBC production
Vit B9
Vit B9
Folic acid
Deficiency in Vit B9
Megaloblastic anemia
Vit B10
PABA: Para-Amino Benzoic Acid
Vit B11
Salicylic acid
Vit B12
Cyanocobalamin
Vit B12 deficiency
Pernicious anemia
Disease assoc with beefy tongue
Pernicious anemia
3 vitamins important for RBC production
Vitamin: B2
B9
B12
Vit important in COLLAGEN PRODUCTION, promotes wound healing and maintains healthy tissue
Vit C
Vit C
Ascorbic acid
Vit C deficiency
Scurvy
Vit important for Calcium absorption
Vit D
2 other names of vit D
Calciferol
Sunshine vitamin
Vit D deficiency in children
Rickets
Vit D deficiency in adults
Osteomalacia
Vit that is an Antioxidant for RBC
Vit E
Vit E
Tocopherol
Vit important for CLOTTING
Vit K
Where is vit K produced?
Liver
Deficiency in vit K can result to
Bleeding tendency
Absence of melanin
Albinism
Deficient melanin
Vitiligo
Bluish skin color due to inadequate oxygen
Cyanosis
Blue baby syndrome is seen in 3 conditions
✔️ Erythroblastosis fetalis
✔️ Conditional heart defects
✔️ Methemoglobinemia
Rh incompatibility resulting to cyanosis happens in 2nd baby: plasma cells of mother produces antibodies against Rh+ baby
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Erythroblastosis fetalis is what type of anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Loss of blood flow
Shock
Skin color due to shock or anemia, decrease blood supply in the area
Pallor
Cells responsible for hair growth
Hair matrix cells
Smooth muscle for goosebumps
Arrector pili muscle
Nerve fibers responsible for touch sensation to hair
Hair root plexus
Partial or complete loss of hair
Alopecia
Drug of choice or Treatment for Baldness
Minoxidil
Due to abnormal androgens causing baldness
Androgenic alopecia
A male sex hormone that promotes hair growth
Androgens
“Baby hair”
Lanugo
Excess hair growth in LOCALIZED area
Hirsutism
GENERALIZED hair growth
Hypertrichosis
Hypertrichosis is aka
Werewolf man/syndrome
Secretes sebum to prevent water from evaporating from skin
Sebaceous glands
Also known as SWEAT GLANDS
Sudoriferous glands
2 types of swaet glands / Sudoriferous glands
Eccrine
Apocrine
Sweat glands found throughout the body
Eccrine glands
“E for Entire body..”
Sweat glands found in the axilla, areola, inguinal
Apocrine
Secretes cerumen (earwax)
Ceruminous glands
How many minutes of sun exposure needed per day (vit D)
15 mins/day
Waxy material in the ear that protects the ear drum
Cerumen
Probing force
10-25 g
Technique for probing
Walking technique
Molecule in the skin important in vit D synthesis which is activated by UV
7-dehydrocholesterol
Liver converts activated molecule (7-dehydrocholesterol) into
Calcidiol (inactive)
Kidney converts Calcidiol into
Calcitriol
Active form of vit D which allows calcium absorption in GIT
Calcitriol
Vit D or Calcium deficiency AFTER closure of epiphyseal plate (adults)
Osteomalacia
Vit D or Calcium deficiency BEFORE closure of epiphyseal plate (children)
Rickets
2 conditions assoc with BOWLEG’s
Rickets
Congenital Syphilis
Other name for Rickets
Saber shin (tibia)
Vit D2
ergoCalCiferol
“2C”
Vit D3
CholeCalCiferol
“3C”
Vit D2 and D3, active or inactive?
Inactive
Sensitive skin when exposed to light rays (UV)); sun allergy
Photosensitivity
Most common skin cancer located in the MID FACE
Basal cell carcinoma
Drugs assoc with photosensitivity (side effects)
“TIN”
Tetracyclines
Ibuprofen (advil, medicol etc.)
Naproxen (flanax etc.)
Chronic skin lesion located in the inner canthus of the eye (in the midface) what possible tumor associated?
Basal cell carcinoma
Is basal cell carcinoma, benign or malignant?
Malignant (capable to metastasize) but behavior is benign (not aggressive or slow growing)
Suffix for benign tumors
“-oma”
4 exceptions for “-oma” that are MALIGNANT
✔️Lymphoma
✔️Melanoma
✔️Multiple myeloma
✔️Neuroblastoma
Suffix for malignant; Epithelial origin
-carcinoma
Suffix for malignant; Mesenchymal origin
-sarcoma
2nd most common skin cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Most common skin cancer in the ORAL CAVITY
SCC
Most common site of SCC in oral cavity
Posterolateral border of tongue
Histologic charac of SCC
Keratin pearls
Deadliest skin cancer because of high metastatic rate
Melanoma
Also known as “farmer’s carcinoma”
Basal cell carcinoma
2 routes of metastasis
Blood vessels
Lymph vessels
Malignant cancer of lymphocytes
Lymphoma
Malignant cancer of melanocytes
Melanoma
Malignant cancer of plasma cells
Multiple myeloma
Rx app of Multiple Myeloma
Punched out appearance
Malignant cancer of ADRENAL GLANDS common in children
Neuroblastoma
Clinical features of Melanoma
“ABCDE”
Asymmetry Border Color Diameter (>6mm) Evolving (changes in size, shape, color)
2 growth patterns of Melanoma
Radial and Vertical
Horizontal growth pattern of Melanoma
Radial growth
Deadly growth pattern of melanoma
Vertical growth
Used in grading burns
Rule of 9
Most common site of Neurblastoma
Adrenal glands
Fluid filled in epidermis to dermis
Blister
Large blister with fluid (>5mm)
Bulla/Bullae
Small blister with fluid (<5mm)
Vesicle
Fluid filled but with developed EPITHELIAL WALL
Cyst
Lining of cyst
Stratified squamous
Lining of residual cyst
Stratified squamous
Lining of radicular cyst
Stratified squamous
Elevation of skin (<10mm)
Papule
> 10mm in diameter
Nodule
Reddened, elevated, itchy patches of skin; seen in allergic reactions
Hives
“Pruritus”
Itching
Assoc with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Wart
Lining of Primordial cyst
Stratified squamous
“Common wart”
Verruca vulgaris
What cellular junctions are attacked by Pemphigus vulgaris
Desmosomes
Sloughing off seen in Pemphigus vulgaris
Nikolsky sign
Separation of cells in histology
Acantholysis
Largest system of the body
Integumentary system
