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DBE Reviewer > 2. Cellular Division and Physiology > Flashcards

2. Cellular Division and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Phase when cells stop dividing (examples)

A
  • G0 phase
  • Cardiac cells
  • Neurons
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2
Q

3 phases of interphase

A

G1
S
G2

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3
Q

Phase: chromosome duplication

A

Synthesis phase

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4
Q

Division of Somatic cells

A

Mitosis

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5
Q

Division of Sex cells

A

Meiosis

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6
Q

Chromatin condenses

A

Prophase

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7
Q

Align at the equator

A

Metaphase

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8
Q

Chromosomes split

A

Anaphase

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9
Q

Chromatid goes back to chromatin.

Cleavage furrow forms

A

Telophase

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10
Q

Steps 1-4 or PMAT is also called ____

A

Karyokinesis

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11
Q

Part of mitosis where cytokinesis happens

A

Telophase

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12
Q

Cytoplasm divides into two

A

Cytokinesis

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13
Q

What 2 things happen in Meiosis1 prophase1

A

Synapsis

Recombination

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14
Q

Phenomenon wherein homologous chromosome pair during meiosis

A

Synapsis

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15
Q

Sharing of DNA of 2 homologous chromosome aka “crossing over” or chiastmata formation

A

Recombination

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16
Q

End product of Meiosis1

A

Sperm: 2 diploid
Egg: 1 diploid and 1 polar body

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17
Q

End product of Meiosis 2

A

Sperm: 4 haploid
Egg: 1 happloid and 3 polar bodies

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18
Q

Only blood supply of the heart

A

L and R Coronary artery

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19
Q

Decreased blood supply

A

Ischemia

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20
Q

Loss of blood supply due to obstruction

A

Infarction

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21
Q

Common cause of infarction

A

Obstruction of smaller vessels

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22
Q

Other term for Myocardial Infarction

A

Heart attack

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23
Q

Common cause of death of Myocardial Infarction

A

Arrythmia (irreg heart beat)

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24
Q

Most common organ assoc. with infarction

A

Heart

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25
Q

Brain infarction

A

Cerebrovascular Accident / Stroke

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26
Q

Least involved organ in infarction

A

Liver

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27
Q

Most common artery involved in stroke

A

Lenticulostriate artery (branch of middle cerebral artery)

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28
Q

Initial response of heart to hemorrhage

A

Tachycardia - increase in function to help brain

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29
Q

Total body fluid volume

A

60% of weight

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30
Q

2 types of blood fluid volume and %

A

Intracellular fluid: 40%

Extracellular fluid: 20%

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31
Q

Blood volume = ___% of body weight

A

8%

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32
Q

If blood volume (8%) not maintained it will result to loss of blood flow or _____

A

Hypovolemic shock or Hemorrhagic shock

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33
Q

Longest phase of cell division

A

Interphase

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34
Q

Male with barr body

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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35
Q

44XXY features:

A

Klinefelter syndrome

  • Gynecomastia
  • Micropenis
  • Taurodontism
36
Q

Bull’s eye lesion (2 diseases)

A

Erythema Multiforme

Lyme disease

37
Q

Loss of blood flow = Tachycardia

A

Hemorrhagic shock

38
Q

Obstruction in coronary artery

A

Myocardial infarction

39
Q

Movement of molecule from low to high concentration gradient that USES ATP

A

Active Transport

40
Q

Types of Passive Transport

A

Simple
Facilitated
Osmosis

41
Q

Simple diffusion is aka

A

Passive diffusion

42
Q

Movement of solutes from higher concentration to lower conc

A

Simple diffusion

43
Q

Reason why gas exchange happens

A

Simple diffusion

44
Q

Site of gas exchange

45
Q

Facilitated diffusion is aka

A

Carrier-mediated diffusion

46
Q

A type of passive transport which needs carrier proteins

A

Facilitated diffusion

47
Q

Insulin carrying glucose to insulin sensitive cells is what type of passive transport

A

Facilitated diffusion

48
Q

3 insulin sensitive cells

A

Cardiac muscle cells
Smooth muscle cells
Adipocytes

49
Q

Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from LOW to HIGH osmotic pressure

50
Q

It is determined by the SOLUTES dissolved in the solution

A

Osmotic pressure

51
Q

More solutes = ___ osmotic pressure

52
Q

Less solutes = ____ osmotic pressure

53
Q

High concentration of solute

A

Hypertonic

54
Q

Low concentration of solutes

55
Q

Solution has the same solute concentration of body cells

56
Q

Cells in hypertonic solution results to ____

57
Q

Cells on hypotonic solution results in ____

58
Q

Used in surgery to irrigate tissues

A

NSS (0.9% NaCl)

59
Q

NSS or 0.9% NaCl is used to irrigate tissues during surgery because

A

It is isotonic, cells won’t burst or shrink

60
Q

4 examples of Active transport

A

NaK pump
Proton pump
Exocytosis
Endocytosis

61
Q

An example of an active transport that is used by the stomach to maintain its acidity

A

Proton pump

62
Q

Acidic pH of stomach

63
Q

Meaning of “pH”

A

Power of Hydrogen

64
Q

pH = 7

65
Q

pH = < 7

66
Q

pH = > 7

67
Q

Acidic = _____ H : _____ Protons

A

High Hydrogen : High Protons

68
Q

Basic = _____ H : _____ Protons

A

Low H : Low protons

69
Q

Normal pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45 (ave: 7.4)

70
Q

Blood has what type of pH

A

Weak base or slightly basic

71
Q

Drug of choice for GERD or Heartburn

A

Omeprazole

72
Q

Suffix for Proton pump inhibitors

A

“-prazole”

73
Q

Type of medication used when px has hyperacidity

A

Proton pump inhibitors

74
Q

Most numerous cation in ECF

75
Q

Least numerous cation in ECF

76
Q

Most numerous anion in ECF

77
Q

Least numerous anion in ECF

78
Q

Least numerous cation in ICF

79
Q

Most numerous cation in ICF

80
Q

Least numerous anion in ICF

81
Q

Prevents sudden change in pH

82
Q

Most important buffer in the blood plasma

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

83
Q

Most numerous anion in ICF

A

Phosphate (PO4-)

84
Q

2 buffers in the blood plasma

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Phosphate (PO4-)

85
Q

Movement across a cell membrane without using ATP

A

Passive transport

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