2. Cellular Division and Physiology Flashcards by Dina Patoonie

Phase when cells stop dividing (examples)

G0 phase
Cardiac cells
Neurons

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3 phases of interphase

G1
S
G2

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Phase: chromosome duplication

Synthesis phase

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Division of Somatic cells

Mitosis

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Division of Sex cells

Meiosis

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Chromatin condenses

Prophase

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Align at the equator

Metaphase

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Chromosomes split

Anaphase

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Chromatid goes back to chromatin.

Cleavage furrow forms

Telophase

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Steps 1-4 or PMAT is also called ____

Karyokinesis

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Part of mitosis where cytokinesis happens

Telophase

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Cytoplasm divides into two

Cytokinesis

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What 2 things happen in Meiosis1 prophase1

Synapsis

Recombination

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Phenomenon wherein homologous chromosome pair during meiosis

Synapsis

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Sharing of DNA of 2 homologous chromosome aka “crossing over” or chiastmata formation

Recombination

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End product of Meiosis1

Sperm: 2 diploid
Egg: 1 diploid and 1 polar body

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End product of Meiosis 2

Sperm: 4 haploid
Egg: 1 happloid and 3 polar bodies

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Only blood supply of the heart

L and R Coronary artery

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Decreased blood supply

Ischemia

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Loss of blood supply due to obstruction

Infarction

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Common cause of infarction

Obstruction of smaller vessels

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Other term for Myocardial Infarction

Heart attack

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Common cause of death of Myocardial Infarction

Arrythmia (irreg heart beat)

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Most common organ assoc. with infarction

Heart

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Brain infarction

Cerebrovascular Accident / Stroke

Least involved organ in infarction

Liver

Most common artery involved in stroke

Lenticulostriate artery (branch of middle cerebral artery)

Initial response of heart to hemorrhage

Tachycardia - increase in function to help brain

Total body fluid volume

60% of weight

2 types of blood fluid volume and %

Intracellular fluid: 40% | Extracellular fluid: 20%

Blood volume = ___% of body weight

If blood volume (8%) not maintained it will result to loss of blood flow or _____

Hypovolemic shock or Hemorrhagic shock

Longest phase of cell division

Interphase

Male with barr body

Klinefelter syndrome

44XXY features:

Klinefelter syndrome - Gynecomastia - Micropenis - Taurodontism

Bull's eye lesion (2 diseases)

Erythema Multiforme | Lyme disease

Loss of blood flow = Tachycardia

Hemorrhagic shock

Obstruction in coronary artery

Myocardial infarction

Movement of molecule from low to high concentration gradient that USES ATP

Active Transport

Types of Passive Transport

Simple Facilitated Osmosis

Simple diffusion is aka

Passive diffusion

Movement of solutes from higher concentration to lower conc

Simple diffusion

Reason why gas exchange happens

Simple diffusion

Site of gas exchange

Alveoli

Facilitated diffusion is aka

Carrier-mediated diffusion

A type of passive transport which needs carrier proteins

Facilitated diffusion

Insulin carrying glucose to insulin sensitive cells is what type of passive transport

Facilitated diffusion

3 insulin sensitive cells

Cardiac muscle cells Smooth muscle cells Adipocytes

Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from LOW to HIGH osmotic pressure

Osmosis

It is determined by the SOLUTES dissolved in the solution

Osmotic pressure

More solutes = ___ osmotic pressure

High

Less solutes = ____ osmotic pressure

Low

High concentration of solute

Hypertonic

Low concentration of solutes

Hypotonic

Solution has the same solute concentration of body cells

Isotonic

Cells in hypertonic solution results to ____

Shrinkage

Cells on hypotonic solution results in ____

Bursting

Used in surgery to irrigate tissues

NSS (0.9% NaCl)

NSS or 0.9% NaCl is used to irrigate tissues during surgery because

It is isotonic, cells won't burst or shrink

4 examples of Active transport

NaK pump Proton pump Exocytosis Endocytosis

An example of an active transport that is used by the stomach to maintain its acidity

Proton pump

Acidic pH of stomach

pH = 1-3

Meaning of "pH"

Power of Hydrogen

pH = 7

Neutral

pH = < 7

Acidic

pH = > 7

Basic

Acidic = _____ H : _____ Protons

High Hydrogen : High Protons

Basic = _____ H : _____ Protons

Low H : Low protons

Normal pH of blood

7.35-7.45 (ave: 7.4)

Blood has what type of pH

Weak base or slightly basic

Drug of choice for GERD or Heartburn

Omeprazole

Suffix for Proton pump inhibitors

"-prazole"

Type of medication used when px has hyperacidity

Proton pump inhibitors

Most numerous cation in ECF

Na+

Least numerous cation in ECF

K+

Most numerous anion in ECF

Cl-

Least numerous anion in ECF

HCO3-

Least numerous cation in ICF

Na+

Most numerous cation in ICF

K+

Least numerous anion in ICF

Cl-

Prevents sudden change in pH

Buffers

Most important buffer in the blood plasma

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Most numerous anion in ICF

Phosphate (PO4-)

2 buffers in the blood plasma

Bicarbonate (HCO3-) | Phosphate (PO4-)

Movement across a cell membrane without using ATP

Passive transport