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DBE Reviewer > 9. Endocrine System > Flashcards

9. Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Also known as Hypophysis or Master’s gland

A

Pituitary gland

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2
Q

Pituitary gland is found in

A

Hypophyseal fossa of Sella turcica of Sphenoid bone

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3
Q

Pituitary gland is controlled by

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

Other name for Anterior pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis

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5
Q

Other name for posterior pituitary gland

A

Neurohypophysis

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6
Q

Connects pituitart gland to Hypothalamus

A

Infundibular stalk

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7
Q

Which is larger, Anterior or Posterior pituitary gland

A

Anterior

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8
Q

Adenohypophysis communicates with the Hypothalamus via

A

Hypophyseal portal system

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9
Q

Adenohypophysis secretes what hormones

A

(A)GP : (B)FLAT

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10
Q

2 portal veins in the body

A

🔹Liver: Hepatic portal vein

🔹Hypophysis

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11
Q

A vein towards a capillary (exception)

A

Portal vein

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12
Q

All veins are ___(flow)___ heart

A

Towards the heart

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13
Q

All arteries are ___(flow)___ heart

A

Away from the heart

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14
Q

Hormones secreted by Acidophiles or Alpha cells

A

“(A)GP”

✔️Growth hormone
✔️Prolactin

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15
Q

Other term for Growth hormone

A

Somatotropin

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16
Q

4 effects of growth hormone

A

✔️Chondrogenesis
✔️Protein anabolism
✔️Glycogenolysis
✔️Lipolysis

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17
Q

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

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18
Q

Process of formation of proteins

A

Protein ANABOLISM

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19
Q

Breakdown of proteins

A

Protein CATABOLISM (cut)

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20
Q

Glycogenolysis happens during what state? What hormone?

A

Hypoglycemic state: GLUCAGON

Glycogen to Glucagon = ^ blood sugar

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21
Q

4 Hormones produced during HYPOGLYCEMIC STATE

A

“GG EC”

Glucagon
Growth hormone
Epinephrine
Cortisol

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22
Q

Hormone involved during HYPERGLYCEMIA

A

Insulin only

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23
Q

Stimulates MILK PRODUCTION in mammary gland

A

Prolactin

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24
Q

Hormones secreted by Basophiles or Beta cells

A

“(B)FLAT”

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

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25
Q

Signals release of cortisol from adrenal gland

A

ACTH

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26
Q

Stimulate:
✔️Estrogen production (females
✔️Androgen binding protein (males)
✔️Gametogenesis (both)

A

FSH

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27
Q

Stimulates:
✔️Ovulation
✔️Formation of Corpus Luteum
✔️Testosterone production (males)

A

LH

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28
Q

Stimulates Zon Fasciculata (adrenal cortex) to produce cortisol

A

ACTH

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29
Q

Stress steroid hormone

A

Cortisol

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30
Q

Stimulates Thyroid to produce T# and T4

A

TSH

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31
Q

More potent thyroid hormone

A

T3

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32
Q

More numerous thyroid hormone

A

T4

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33
Q

Releasing hormones are controlled by the _____ to stimulate cells of Adenohypophysis to secrete hormones

A

Hypothalamus –– releasing hormones

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34
Q

Release of GH

A

Somatocrinin (go for this✨)
or
Growth hormone releasing hormone

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35
Q

Inhibits release of GH

A

Somatostatin

“SomatoSTOPin”

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36
Q

Release of Prolactin

A

PRH

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37
Q

Inhibits prolactin release

A

Prolactin inhibiting hormone / Dopamine

38
Q

Release of FSH / LH

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

39
Q

Release of ACTH

A

Corticotropin releasing hormone

40
Q

Release of TSH

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

41
Q

Excessive hormones in the bloodstream will have a _____ on the hypothalamus to prevent disease

–– Hypothalamus detects concentration of hormones in the blood to know if it will increase or decrease it

A

Negative feedback

42
Q

Excessive cortisol

A

Cushing’s syndrome

43
Q

🔹Moon face + Buffalo hump

🔹Excessive cortisol

A

Cushing’s syndrome

44
Q

Deficient cortisol

A

Addison’s disease

45
Q

What is seen in Addison’s disease = deficient cortisol levels

A

Hyperpigmentations

46
Q

Excessive thyroid hormones

A

Hyperthyroidism

47
Q

Deficient thyroid hormones

A

Hypothyroidism

48
Q

Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus neurosecretory cells during puberty

A

GnRH: Gonadotropin releasing hormone

49
Q

Male GnRH stimulates Adenohypophysis to secrete:

A

FSH and LH (sa male, sabay yung dalawa)

50
Q

Male: Target cells of FSH - what is produced

A

FSH - Sertoli cells - ABP

51
Q

Male:

Target cells of LH - what is produced

A

LH - Leydig cells - Testosterone

52
Q

When testosterone binds to ABP = formation of sperm called

A

Spermatogenesis

53
Q

Responsible for SECONDARY male characteristics

A

Tes2sterone

54
Q

Increase levels of testosterone has a negative feedback on what hormones (3)

55
Q

In females: Menstrual cycle..
Hypo GnRH stimulates
Adenohypophysis to secrete what?

56
Q

How many days is menstrual cycle

57
Q

Target site of FSH in females

A

Granulsa cells of Primordial follicle

58
Q

2 parts of Primordial follicle

A

Oocyte

Granulosa cells

59
Q

Granulosa cells with FSH =

A

Production of Estrogen

60
Q

Production of Estrogen results to

A

🔹Primary follicle development
🔹Secondary female charac
🔹Slight thickening of endometrial lining
🔹decline in FSH (negative feedback)

61
Q

2 hormones responsible for Primordial follicle maturation

A

FSH

Estrogen

62
Q

Mature Primordial follicle

A

Graafian follicle

63
Q

High ESTROGEN stimulates _____

A

LH secretion

⬆️E = ⬇️FSH = ⬆️LH

64
Q

LH peak results to _____

65
Q

What day is ovulation4

66
Q

Release of egg cell towards falloping tube

A

Ovulation (bec of LH peak)

67
Q

Ovulation allows maturation of graafian follicle into

A

Corpus luteum

68
Q

What is produced by corpus luteum

A

PIE
Progesterone
Inhibin
Estrogen

69
Q

🔹Inhibits FSH
🔹thickens endo lining
🔹stimulates PRH secretion

A

Progesterone and estrogen

70
Q

Main hormone of corpus luteum for inhibiting FSH

71
Q

Site where zygote is implanted

A

Endometrial lining

72
Q

Progesterone and Estrogen stimulates PRH secretion to Ant pituitary gland to secrete _____

A

Prolactin: breasts enlargement = milk production

Increase estrogen and progesterone of corpus luteum = prolactin

73
Q

If fertilization occurs: corpus luteum is

A

Corpus luteum is maintained

74
Q

After how many days will the embryo be implanted in the endometrial lining

A

After 7 to 9 days

Boards: 7✨

75
Q

If fertilization doesn’t take place: corpus luteum = forms into

A

Corpus luteum DISINTEGRATES = CORPUS ALBICANS

76
Q

Corpus albicans has no function (doesn’t produce PIE) = ⬇️PIE = what happens

A

Menstrual bleeding

77
Q

Lifespan of Egg cell

A

24 hrs after ovulation

78
Q

Lifespan of sperm

A

3 to 4 days

79
Q

Negative feedback of ⬇️PIE

A

⬆️GnRH

⬆️FSH

80
Q

Hormonal pills are usually taken for how many days

A

21 days (+7 placebo effect or iron na lang)

81
Q

Main hormone for pregnancy and menstruation

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

82
Q

Doesn’t synthesize hormones but STORES and SECRETES hormones produced by hypothalamus

A

Posterior pituitary gland / Neurohypophysis

83
Q

2 Hypothalamic nucleus

A

Paraventricular nucleus

Supraoptic nucleus

84
Q

Hormone produced by Paraventricular nucleus

85
Q

Hormone for uterine contraction and milk excretion

86
Q

Hormone produced by Supraoptic nucleus

A

Antidiuretic hormone or Vasopressin

87
Q

Oxytocin and Vasopressin/ADH are stored in the: _____ then secreted into the _____

A

Posterior pituitary gland then secreted to the blood

88
Q

Hormone that increases reabsorption of water in the DCT

Reduce excretion of water in the body

Constrict arterioles ncreasing BP

A

ADH or Vasopressin

89
Q

Stimulus for Oxytocin release

A

Stretching of uterus or cervix(neck) = Oxytocin = Contract

And Areola stimulation (nursing infant) = oxytocin = milk excretion

90
Q

Neck of uterus

91
Q

9mos baby = cervix is stretched = ⬆️Oxytocin = Uterine contraction. what is this reflex that happens during labor

A

Ferguson reflex

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