9. Endocrine System Flashcards by Dina Patoonie

Also known as Hypophysis or Master’s gland

Pituitary gland

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Pituitary gland is found in

Hypophyseal fossa of Sella turcica of Sphenoid bone

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Pituitary gland is controlled by

Hypothalamus

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Other name for Anterior pituitary gland

Adenohypophysis

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Other name for posterior pituitary gland

Neurohypophysis

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Connects pituitart gland to Hypothalamus

Infundibular stalk

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Which is larger, Anterior or Posterior pituitary gland

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Adenohypophysis communicates with the Hypothalamus via

Hypophyseal portal system

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Adenohypophysis secretes what hormones

(A)GP : (B)FLAT

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2 portal veins in the body

🔹Liver: Hepatic portal vein

🔹Hypophysis

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A vein towards a capillary (exception)

Portal vein

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All veins are ___(flow)___ heart

Towards the heart

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All arteries are ___(flow)___ heart

Away from the heart

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Hormones secreted by Acidophiles or Alpha cells

“(A)GP”

✔️Growth hormone
✔️Prolactin

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Other term for Growth hormone

Somatotropin

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4 effects of growth hormone

✔️Chondrogenesis
✔️Protein anabolism
✔️Glycogenolysis
✔️Lipolysis

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Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Glycogenolysis

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Process of formation of proteins

Protein ANABOLISM

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Breakdown of proteins

Protein CATABOLISM (cut)

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Glycogenolysis happens during what state? What hormone?

Hypoglycemic state: GLUCAGON

Glycogen to Glucagon = ^ blood sugar

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4 Hormones produced during HYPOGLYCEMIC STATE

“GG EC”

Glucagon
Growth hormone
Epinephrine
Cortisol

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Hormone involved during HYPERGLYCEMIA

Insulin only

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Stimulates MILK PRODUCTION in mammary gland

Prolactin

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Hormones secreted by Basophiles or Beta cells

“(B)FLAT”

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

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Signals release of cortisol from adrenal gland

ACTH

Stimulate: ✔️Estrogen production (females ✔️Androgen binding protein (males) ✔️Gametogenesis (both)

FSH

Stimulates: ✔️Ovulation ✔️Formation of Corpus Luteum ✔️Testosterone production (males)

Stimulates Zon Fasciculata (adrenal cortex) to produce cortisol

ACTH

Stress steroid hormone

Cortisol

Stimulates Thyroid to produce T# and T4

TSH

More potent thyroid hormone

More numerous thyroid hormone

Releasing hormones are controlled by the _____ to stimulate cells of Adenohypophysis to secrete hormones

Hypothalamus –– releasing hormones

Release of GH

Somatocrinin (go for this✨) or Growth hormone releasing hormone

Inhibits release of GH

Somatostatin "SomatoSTOPin"

Release of Prolactin

PRH

Inhibits prolactin release

Prolactin inhibiting hormone / Dopamine

Release of FSH / LH

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Release of ACTH

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Release of TSH

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Excessive hormones in the bloodstream will have a _____ on the hypothalamus to prevent disease –– Hypothalamus detects concentration of hormones in the blood to know if it will increase or decrease it

Negative feedback

Excessive cortisol

Cushing's syndrome

🔹Moon face + Buffalo hump | 🔹Excessive cortisol

Cushing's syndrome

Deficient cortisol

Addison's disease

What is seen in Addison's disease = deficient cortisol levels

Hyperpigmentations

Excessive thyroid hormones

Hyperthyroidism

Deficient thyroid hormones

Hypothyroidism

Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus neurosecretory cells during puberty

GnRH: Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Male GnRH stimulates Adenohypophysis to secrete:

FSH and LH (sa male, sabay yung dalawa)

Male: Target cells of FSH - what is produced

FSH - Sertoli cells - ABP

Male: | Target cells of LH - what is produced

LH - Leydig cells - Testosterone

When testosterone binds to ABP = formation of sperm called

Spermatogenesis

Responsible for SECONDARY male characteristics

Tes2sterone

Increase levels of testosterone has a negative feedback on what hormones (3)

GnRH LH FSH

In females: Menstrual cycle.. Hypo GnRH stimulates Adenohypophysis to secrete what?

FSH

How many days is menstrual cycle

28 days

Target site of FSH in females

Granulsa cells of Primordial follicle

2 parts of Primordial follicle

Oocyte | Granulosa cells

Granulosa cells with FSH =

Production of Estrogen

Production of Estrogen results to

🔹Primary follicle development 🔹Secondary female charac 🔹Slight thickening of endometrial lining 🔹decline in FSH (negative feedback)

2 hormones responsible for Primordial follicle maturation

FSH | Estrogen

Mature Primordial follicle

Graafian follicle

High ESTROGEN stimulates _____

LH secretion ⬆️E = ⬇️FSH = ⬆️LH

LH peak results to _____

Ovulation

What day is ovulation4

Day 14

Release of egg cell towards falloping tube

Ovulation (bec of LH peak)

Ovulation allows maturation of graafian follicle into

Corpus luteum

What is produced by corpus luteum

PIE Progesterone Inhibin Estrogen

🔹Inhibits FSH 🔹thickens endo lining 🔹stimulates PRH secretion

Progesterone and estrogen

Main hormone of corpus luteum for inhibiting FSH

Inhibin

Site where zygote is implanted

Endometrial lining

Progesterone and Estrogen stimulates PRH secretion to Ant pituitary gland to secrete _____

Prolactin: breasts enlargement = milk production | Increase estrogen and progesterone of corpus luteum = prolactin

If fertilization occurs: corpus luteum is

Corpus luteum is maintained

After how many days will the embryo be implanted in the endometrial lining

After 7 to 9 days Boards: 7✨

If fertilization doesn't take place: corpus luteum = forms into

Corpus luteum DISINTEGRATES = CORPUS ALBICANS

Corpus albicans has no function (doesn't produce PIE) = ⬇️PIE = what happens

Menstrual bleeding

Lifespan of Egg cell

24 hrs after ovulation

Lifespan of sperm

3 to 4 days

Negative feedback of ⬇️PIE

⬆️GnRH | ⬆️FSH

Hormonal pills are usually taken for how many days

21 days (+7 placebo effect or iron na lang)

Main hormone for pregnancy and menstruation

Estrogen and Progesterone

Doesn't synthesize hormones but STORES and SECRETES hormones produced by hypothalamus

Posterior pituitary gland / Neurohypophysis

2 Hypothalamic nucleus

Paraventricular nucleus | Supraoptic nucleus

Hormone produced by Paraventricular nucleus

Oxytocin

Hormone for uterine contraction and milk excretion

Oxytocin

Hormone produced by Supraoptic nucleus

Antidiuretic hormone or Vasopressin

Oxytocin and Vasopressin/ADH are stored in the: _____ then secreted into the _____

Posterior pituitary gland then secreted to the blood

Hormone that increases reabsorption of water in the DCT Reduce excretion of water in the body Constrict arterioles ncreasing BP

ADH or Vasopressin

Stimulus for Oxytocin release

Stretching of uterus or cervix(neck) = Oxytocin = Contract And Areola stimulation (nursing infant) = oxytocin = milk excretion

Neck of uterus

Cervix

9mos baby = cervix is stretched = ⬆️Oxytocin = Uterine contraction. what is this reflex that happens during labor

Ferguson reflex