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DBE Reviewer > 7. Musculatory System > Flashcards

7. Musculatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Formative immature cells of muscle; present in fetal stage; func: Mitosis

A

Myoblast

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2
Q

Nonstriated
Involuntary
Can divide

A

Smooth muscle

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3
Q

Spindle-shaped muscle tissue

A

Smooth muscle

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4
Q

Only mature muscle tissue that can divide

A

Smooth muscle

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5
Q 
Striated
Voluntary
Multinucleated
Hypertrophy only
Cannot multiply
A

Skeletal muscle

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6
Q

Location of nucleus of skeletal muscle

A

Lateral surface

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7
Q

Striated
Involuntary
Cannot multiply;
Hypertrophy only

A

Cardiac muscle

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8
Q

What type of muscle cell or tissue is the Heart

A

Cardiac muscle

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9
Q

What connects cardiac muscle cells together

A

Intercalated discs

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10
Q

Cellular junctions in cardiac muscles

A

Desmosomes

Gap junctions

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11
Q

Outermost connective tissue layer that covers MUSCLE BELLY

A

Epimysium

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12
Q

Middle layer covers FASCICLES

A

Perimysium

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13
Q

Innermost; covers muscle cells or fibers

A

Endomysium

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14
Q

Connects muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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15
Q

Connects bone to bone

A

Ligaments

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16
Q

Group of muscle fibers covered by perimysium

A

Fascicle

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17
Q

Cell membrane or plasma membrane of muscles made up of phospholipid bilayer

A

Sarcolemma

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18
Q

Structures that makes up the muscle cell or fiber

A

Myofibrils

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19
Q

Structures that makes up myofibrils

A

Myofilaments

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20
Q

2 kinds of Myofilaments

A

Thin filaments

Thick filaments

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21
Q

Thin filaments is composed of what protein

A

Actin

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22
Q

Thick filaments are composed of what protein

A

Myosin

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23
Q

Shape of myosin

A

Golf club 🏑

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24
Q

Functional/contractile unit of muscle; from Z disc to another Z disc

A

Sarcomere

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25
Q

🔹Separates one sarcomere to another.
🔹Attachment for thin filaments.
🔹Passes in the middle of the I band

A

Z discs

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26
Q

Contains thick but no thin filaments (MYOSIN ONLY)

A

H zone

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27
Q

Passes in the middle of H zone

A

M line

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28
Q

aka dArk band

A

A band

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29
Q

aka l”i”ght band

A

I band

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30
Q

Blocks the myosin binding sites in actin (relax muscle)

A

Tropomyosin

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31
Q

🔹Holds the tropomyosin in place.

🔹Binding site for Ca ions to allow movt of tropomyosin.

A

Troponin

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32
Q

Perpendicular sarcolemma

A

Transverse tubules or T tubules

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33
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum of muscle fiber

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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34
Q

Storage for calcium

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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35
Q

Most impt substance for muscular contraction

A

Calcium

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36
Q

Dilated end sac of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Terminal cisterns

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37
Q

Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcoplasm

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38
Q

Stored chains of glucose

A

Glycogen

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39
Q

Glycogen is mainly stored in

A

✔️Liver
✔️Skeletal muscle
✔️Adipocytes

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40
Q

Process: glycogen to glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

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41
Q

Maximum storage of glycogen

A

2 lbs

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42
Q

Process: glucose to glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

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43
Q

When does the body produce glycogen

A

Hyperglycemic state

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44
Q

Hormone responsible for production of insulin (glycogen stored in insulin sensitive cells)

A

Beta cells of pancreas

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45
Q

🔹Protein that binds OXYGEN = red color of muscle.

🔹Counterpart of RBC (hemoglobin = red color)

A

Myoglobin

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46
Q

Largest protein of the body found in muscles

A

Titin

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47
Q

Total muscles in the body

A

650 muscles

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48
Q

Attachment for THICK filaments

A

M line

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49
Q

Overlapping thick and thin filaments

A

A band

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50
Q

Attachment of THIN filaments

A

Z line or disc

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51
Q

Filaments seen in light or I band

A

Thin filaments only

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52
Q

aka Theory of muscle contraction

A

Sliding filament mechanism

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53
Q

% of ICF

A

40% ICF

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54
Q

% of ECF

A

20%

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55
Q

What is the resting membrane potential? (mV)

A

-70mV (-90mV in Guyton)

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56
Q

Most numerous cation in ECF

A

Na+

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57
Q

Most numerous cation in ICF

A

K+

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58
Q

Charge inside the cell when it is in resting state or polarized state

A

Resting membrane potential

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59
Q

1st channel to open once there’s electrical current

A

Voltage-gated Na+ channels

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60
Q

Why is depolarization and repolarization happens? What process?
(Na goes IN, K goes OUT)

A

Because of simple diffusion

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61
Q

🔹Na+ influx = cell more + = ______
🔹Wherein, cell from negative to a positive state.
🔹Remove a cell in a polarized state(-)

A

Depolarization

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62
Q

Channels that are delayed to open (opens after action potential)

A

Voltage-gated K+ channels

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63
Q

K+ efflux(out) = cell goes back to resting state = ______

🔹Change charge of cell from (+) to (-)

A

Repolarization

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64
Q

What is the Threshold stimulus to generate an action potential

A

-55mV

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65
Q

Signal that has potential to trigger an axon

A

Action potential

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66
Q

Corrects position of Na+(out) and K+(in)

A

Sodium potassium pumps

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67
Q

Ratio in Na-K pumps

A

“2PISO3”

2 Potassium IN
3 Sodium OUT

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68
Q

In precontraction phase, an ACTION POTENTIAL from nerve fiber stimulates _____ to open

A

Voltage-gated calcium channels

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69
Q

Calcium influx causes release of _____ in the NMJ

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

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70
Q

It is a neurotransmitter or a chemical messenger (LIGAND)

A

Acetylcholine

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71
Q

Part of the NMJ where Ach binds

A

Nicotinic receptors / “Ligand”-gated Na+ channels

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72
Q

Na+ enters muscle fiber (Depolarization) creating a ______

A

Muscle action potential

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73
Q

Muscle action potential travels to what part of the muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma and T tubules

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74
Q

Muscle action potential opens _____ which stores Calcium

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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75
Q

Responsible in releasing calcium ions into the sarcoplasm

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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76
Q

Where does calcium ions bind

A

Troponin

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77
Q

What happens when calcium binds to troponin

A

Troponin moves tropomyosin away from blocking the myosin heads sa actin binding sites

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78
Q

Myosin head will attach to actin known as

A

Cross bridging

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79
Q

ATP in the myosin head is broken down by (what enzym) into ______

A

ATP / ATPase = ADP + P

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80
Q

Immediate source of energy

A

ADP + Phospate

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81
Q

Source of energy

A

ATP

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82
Q

Occurs when actin moves towards the M line and ADP is released

A

Power stroke

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83
Q

Actin moves towards M line, Z discs moves towards each other, sarcomere shortens.

A

Muscle contraction

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84
Q

When does myosin detach from actin

A

When there is another ATP that binds to myosin head

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85
Q

Detachment of myosin to actin = sarcomere _______

A

Sarcomere goes back to original place

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86
Q

As long as there are high amounts of _____ and ______ in the sarcoplasm, contraction cycle continues

A

Ca+ and ATP

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87
Q

This moves calcium back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Ca+ active transport pumps

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88
Q

Enzyme that breaks down Ach after it binds to Nicotinic receptors

A

Acetylcholinesterase

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89
Q

Phenomenon seen in dead body. Muscles are in state of RIGIDITY due to cross bridging (Lysosymes digest SR causing release of Ca resulting to crossbridging but no ATP so myosin doesnt detach to actin = muscles remain contracted)

A

Rigor mortis

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90
Q

Causative agent or bacteria of botulinum toxin

A

Clostridium botulinum

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91
Q

Prevents release of Ach in the NMJ resulting to muscle paralysis or relaxation

A

Botulinum toxin

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92
Q

Poisonous plant; blocks NICOTINIC receptors (close: Ach cannot bind =cant stimulate muscle contraction) Resulting to Muscle paralysis

A

Curare

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93
Q

Drug derived from Curare

A

Pancuronium bromide

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94
Q

Drugs used in lethal injection

A

✔️Thiopental (sedative)
✔️Potassium chloride (to stop heart)
✔️Pancuronium bromide (from curare)

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95
Q

Other name of Succinylcholine

A

Suxamethonium

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96
Q

Succinylcholine is for

A

Laryngospasm

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97
Q

Binds to Ach receptors resulting to muscle paralysis.

Used in laryngospasm

A

Succinylcholine

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98
Q

Other name for creatine phosphate mechanism

A

Direct phosphorylation

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99
Q

Fuel for creatine phosphate mechanism

A

Creatine phosphate

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100
Q

End products of creatine phosphate mechanism

A

1 ATP

1 Creatinine

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101
Q

Other name for GLYCOLYSIS

A

Anaerobic respiration

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102
Q

Process of breaking down glucose

A

Glycolysis

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103
Q

Fuel for glycolysis

A

Glucose

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104
Q

End products of glycolysis

A

2 ATP

2 Pyruvate

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105
Q

🔹Subpathway of glycolysis.
🔹Glucose to Lactic Acid.
🔹Happens if there is insufficient oxygen.
🔹Example during heavy exercises.

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

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106
Q

End product of anaerobic glycolysis

A

Lactic acid

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107
Q

Muscle pain is caused by accumulation of

A

Lactic acid

108
Q

pH of blood and average

A

7.35-7.45 (7.4)

109
Q

Most impt buffer that prevents sudden change in pH in the blood

A

Bicarbonate HCO3-

110
Q

Blood is what pH

A

Slightly basic

111
Q

What happens to pH of blood if there’s accumulation of lactic acid

A

Blood becomes acidic

⬆️H ⬇️pH = acidic

112
Q

HCO3- + H =

A

H2O

CO2

113
Q

⬆️CO2 ⬇️O2

What is the response of the body?

A

Hyperventilation

114
Q

4 other names for Aerobic Glycolysis

A

🔹Aerobic respiration
🔹Krebs cycle
🔹Citric acid cycle
🔹Tricarboxylic acid cycle

115
Q

Happens when there is enough oxygen in the body

A

Aerobic glycolysis

116
Q

Fuel for Aerobic glycolysis

A

✔️Fatty acids
✔️Amino acids
✔️Oxygen
✔️Pyruvate

117
Q

End products of Aerobic glycolysis

A

36-38 ATP
H2O
CO2

118
Q

Glycolysis and Creatine phosphate mechanism happens in what part of the cell?

A

Cytoplasm

119
Q

Kreb cycle happens in what part of the cell?

A

Mitochondria

120
Q

Type of skeletal muscle fiber that produces SLOW and WEAK contractions but is RESISTANT to FATIGUE

A

Slow oxidative fibers or RED muscle fibers

121
Q

Postural muscles are examples of what type of skeletal muscle fibers

A

Red muscle fibers

122
Q

Responsible for the red pigment of the muscle fibers and also carries oxygen

A

Myoglobin

123
Q

Red muscle fibers undergoes what type of glycolysis

A

Aerobic glycolysis (⬆️ATP)

124
Q

Produces fast and strong contractions but NOT RESISTANT to fatigue

A

Fast glycolytic fibers

White muscle fibers

125
Q

White muscle fibers undergoes what type of glycolysis

A

Anaerobic glycolysis (⬇️myoglobin, ⬇️O2)

126
Q

Connects end of cardiac muscle to one another

A

Intercalated discs

127
Q

Which muscle has the most numerous mitochondria to allow continuous contraction (⬆️kreb, ⬆️ATP)

A

Heart or CARDIAC muscle

128
Q

What 2 cellular junctions found between cardiac muscle cells

A

🔹Gap junctions

🔹Desmosomes

129
Q

Shape of smooth muscle tissue

A

Spindle-shaped

130
Q

For binding of Calcium in smooth muscle tissue

A

Calmodulin

131
Q

For binding Calcium in Skeletal and Cardiac muscle

A

Troponin

132
Q

Blocks myosin from binding to actin in Smooth muscle

A

Myosin light chain kinase

133
Q

Blocks myosin from binding to actin in skeletal and cardiac muscle

A

Tropomyosin

134
Q

Scalp muscles are innervated by what nerve

A

CN VII Facial nerve

135
Q

Moves scalp posteriorly

A

Occipitalis

136
Q

Moves scalp anteriorly

A

Frontalis

137
Q

Raises eyebrow; SURPRISE

A

Frontalis

138
Q

🔹Aponeurosis in the head

🔹connects occipitalis and frontalis

A

Galea aponeurotica

139
Q

Muscle to muscle attachment

A

Aponeurosis

140
Q

Mouth muscles are innervated by what nerve

A

CN VII Facial nerve

141
Q

Closes lips
Kissing
Pouting(major)

A

Orbicularis oris

142
Q

Elevates upper lip

A 
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Lev anguli oris
Lev labii superioris ala que nasi
Lev labii superioris
143
Q

Caninus muscle

A

Levator anguli oris

144
Q

🔹Longest name

🔹Elevates upper lip and ala of nose

A

Levator labii superioris ala que nasi

145
Q

Depresses lower lip

A

Depressor labii inferioris

146
Q

Depresses angle of mouth

A

Depressor anguli oris

147
Q

Other names of Buccinator (3)

A

Cheek muscle
Kissing muscle
Trumpeter’s muscle

148
Q

🔹Presses cheeks
🔹whistling, blowing, sucking, kissing
🔹keeps food away from vestibular area

A

Buccinator

149
Q

Moves angle of mouth laterally.

Fake/sardonic smile; Grimace

A

Risorius

150
Q

Protrudes lower lip; pouting

A

Mentalis

151
Q

🔹Neck muscle
🔹depresses lower lip and mandible
🔹major muscle for Grimace

A

Platysma

152
Q

Angle of mouth where 8 muscles meet

A

Modiolus muscle

153
Q

Mneumonic for modiolus muscles

A

“LLORDD BuZy”

Lev anguli oris
Lev labii superioris
Orbicularis oris
Risorius
Dep anguli oris
Dep labii inferioris
Buccinator
Zygo major
154
Q

5 branches of CN V or Facial nerve

A

Mnemonic: The Zebra Bump My Car

Temporal n.
Zygomatic n.
Buccal n.
Mandibular n.
Cervical n.
155
Q

Muscle penetrated in classic mandiblock

A

Buccinator

156
Q

Where to deposit in mandiblock

A

Pterygomandibular space

157
Q

Why contralateral side in doing Mandiblock

A

To avoid parotid = Bell’s palsy

158
Q

Muscles that comprises the pterygomandibular raphe

A

✔️Superior pharyngeal constrictor m.

✔️Buccinator

159
Q

Nerves anesthesize in classic mandiblock

A

✔️IAN

✔️Lingual nerve

160
Q

What muscle to incise to drain abscess on pterygomandibular space

A

Buccinator

161
Q

Muscle that closes eyes

A

Orbicularis oculi

162
Q

Nerve that innervates orbicularis oculi

A

CN 7

163
Q

Moves eyebrows inferiorly; wrinkles forehead

FROWNING 😠

A

Corrugator supercilli

“Corrugator supersaiyan 😠”

164
Q

Move eyeballs inferiorly and laterally

A

Superior oblique

165
Q

Move eyeballs superiorly and laterally

A

Inferior oblique

166
Q

Elevates eyelids = eye opening

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

167
Q

What innervates levator palpabrae superioris

A

CN 3

168
Q

Mnemonic for innervation of extrinsic muscles of the eye

A

SO4 LR6 R3 IO3

169
Q

Innervation for superior oblique

A

CN 4 Trochlear nerve

170
Q

Innervation of Lateral Rectus

A

CN 6 Abducens

171
Q

Moves eyeball laterally

A

Lateral Rectus

172
Q

Moves eyeball superiorly

A

Superior rectus

173
Q

Moves eyeball inferiorly

A

Inferior rectus

174
Q

Moves eyeball medially

A

Medial rectus

175
Q

CN V1

A

Opthalmic branch

176
Q

CN V2

A

Maxillary branch

177
Q

CN V3

A

Mandibular branch

178
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

“TIME”

Temporalis m.
Internal pterygoid m.(medial)
Masseter m.
External pterygoid m.(lateral)

179
Q

Only muscle that retracts the mandible

A

Temporalis

180
Q

Only muscle that depresses the mandible (open)

A

Lateral or external pterygoid

181
Q

Muscles of mastication are innervated by

A

CN V3

182
Q

Fan-shaped muscle

A

Temporalis

183
Q 
Temporalis
O:
I:
A:
-Anterior/Vertical fibers:
-Posterior/Horizontal fibers:
A 
Temporalis
O: tempral bone
I: coronoid process and ramus(Lat. side)
A:
-Ant/vertical fibers: elevates md
-Post/horizontal fibers: retracts md
184
Q

Only muscle that retracts the mandible

A

Posterior fibers of Temporalis

185
Q

Muscles of mastication that elevates mandible

A

“TIM”

Temporarlis
Internal pterygoid
Masseter

186
Q

Internal pterygoid is aka

A

Medial pterygoid

187
Q

External pterygoid is aka

A

Lateral pterygoid

188
Q

Internal/medial pterygoid
O:
I:
A:

A

Internal/medial pterygoid
O: medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
I: ramus (medial side) and angle of md
A: elevates md and bennett movement

189
Q

Masseter
O:
I:
A:

A

Masseter
O: maxilla and zygomatic arch
I: angle of md and ramus (Lateral)
A: elevates md

190
Q

External/Lateral pterygoid
O:
I:
A: (3)

A 
External/lateral pterygoid
O: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
I: TMJ/Condyle
A:
-depresses md
-bennett movt
-protrudes md
191
Q

Only muscle of mastication for mouth opening or depression of md

A

Lateral/external pterygoi

192
Q

What is the major muscle for mouth opening

A

Anterior belly of digastric muscle

193
Q

Anterior belly of digastric muscle is innervated by

A

CN V3

194
Q

What innervates the posterior belly of digastric muscle

A

CN VII Facial nerve

195
Q

Moves tongue inferiorly and anteriorly

A

Genioglossus

196
Q

Genioglossus
O:
I:
A:

A

Genioglossus
O: genial tubercle
I: tongue
A: moves tongue inf and ant

197
Q

Styloglossus OIA

A

Styloglossus
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: tongue
A: moves tongue sup and post

198
Q

Hyoglossus OIA

A

Hyoglossus
O: hyoid bone
I: tongue
A: moves tongue inferiorly

199
Q

Extrinsic muscles are innervated by

✔️Genioglossus
✔️Styloglossus
✔️Hyoglossus
✔️Palatoglossus(except)

A

CN XII Hypoglossal nerve

200
Q

What innervates Palatoglossus

A

Pharyngeal plexus (9/10/11)

ix - Glossopharyngeal
x - Vagus
xi - Accessory

201
Q 
Palatoglossus
O:
I:
A:
-tongue:
-palate:
A 
Palatoglossus
O: soft palate
I: tongue
A:
-moves tongue SUP. towards palate
-moves palate INF. towards tongue
202
Q

Intrinsic tongue muscles

A

“VITS”

Vertical m.
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Superior longitudinal

203
Q

Intrinsic muscles of tongue OIA

A

Intrinsic muscles of tongue
O: tongue
I: tongue
A: changes SHAPE of tongue

204
Q

Changes action of tongue

A

Extrinsic muscles of tongue

205
Q

Changes shape of tongue

A

Intrinsic muscles of tongue (VITS)

206
Q

Flattens and broadens tongue

A

Vertical

207
Q

Shortens and thickens tongue (2)

A

Inf longitudinal

Sup longitudinal

208
Q

Elongates and narrows tongue

A

Transverse

209
Q

What innervates the intrinsic muscles of tongue (VITS)

A

CN XII Hypoglossal nerve

210
Q

4 suprahyoid muscles

A

🔹Digastric muscle - ant and post belly
🔹Mylohyoid
🔹Stylohyoid
🔹Geniohyoid

211
Q

Action of suprahyoid muscles (2)

A

Suprahyoid muscles depresses mandible and elevtaes hyoid

212
Q

Muscle of floor of the mouth

A

Mylohyoid

213
Q

Muscle that causes difficulty when taking radiograph on lower molars

A

Mylohyoid

214
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscle

A

CN V3

215
Q

What innervates the stylohyoid and post belly of digastruc m.

A

CN VII Facial nerve

216
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

“TOSS

Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

217
Q

Action of all infrahyoid m.

A

Infrahyoid muscles depresses hyoid

218
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

“SITS”

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres MINOR
Subscapularis

219
Q

Action of supraspinatus and sybscapularis

A

Medial rotation

220
Q

Action of infraspinatus and teres MINOR

A

Lateral rotation

221
Q

BQ: muscle used in pitching a baseball

A

Rotator cuff muscles

222
Q

Hamstring muscles

A

(Hams3ngs - Bi Semi Semi)

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

223
Q

Action of hamstring muscles

A

Flexes legs

224
Q

“Running muscles”

A

Hamstring muscles

225
Q

What innervates the hamstring muscles

A

Sciatic nerve

226
Q

Longest nerve in the human body

A

Sciatic nerve

227
Q

Longest/largest CRANIAL NERVE in the BODY

A

CN X Vagus

228
Q

Longest/largest CRANIAL NERVE in the HEAD and NECK

A

CN V Trigeminal

229
Q

Longest INTRACRANIAL nerve

A

CN IV Trochlear

230
Q

Smallest or shortest cranial nerve

A

CN IV Trochlear

231
Q

Quadriceps muscles

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Medialis

“Sa RECTO may 3 VASTUS”

232
Q

Most common muscle for IM injection

A

Vastus Lateralis

233
Q

Muscles for IM injection

A

✔️Vastus Lateralis
✔️Gluteus maximus
✔️Deltoid

234
Q

Safest part of Gluteus Maximus to inject to avoid sciatic nerve

A

Superolateral or upper outer corner

235
Q

Degree of IM injection

A

90 degrees

236
Q

Action of all quadriceps muscles

A

Extend legs

237
Q

Flexes legs:

Extends legs:

A

Flexes legs: hamstrings (bi semi semi)

Extends legs: quadriceps (3 vastus sa recto)

238
Q

Innervation of quadriceps muscles

A

Femoral nerve

239
Q

Needle angulation: INTRADERMAL

A

0-15

choices: go for lowest value. 0 kung meron

240
Q

Needle angulation: IV

A

35 degrees

241
Q

Most common site for IV injection

A

Antecubital

242
Q

Needle angulation: SUBCUTANEOUSLY

A

45 degrees

243
Q

Most common drug injected subcutaneously

A

Insulin

244
Q

Needle angulation: IM

A

90 degrees

245
Q

Type of muscle adaption where there is healing fibrous scar tissue

A

Fibrosis

246
Q

Enlargement of muscle fiber

A

Muscular hypertrophy

247
Q

Type of enlargement of muscle fiber or muscle hypertrophy assoc with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

A

Pathologic muscular hypertrophy

248
Q

Type of enlargement of muscle hypertrophy assoc with patient exercising

A

Physiologic muscular hypertrophy

249
Q

Increase in number or muscle fibers or cells

A

Muscular hyperplasia

250
Q

Type of muscle cells that can undergo hyperplasia

A

Smooth muscles

251
Q

“Muscle wasting”; loss of myofibrils

A

Muscle atrophy

252
Q

Painfully twisted and tilted neck due to contraction of sternocleidomastoid

A

Torticollis

253
Q

Other name for torticollis

A

Wry neck

254
Q

Px with torticollis or wry neck: contraction of RIGHT sternocleidomastoid = chin goes to what side

A

Right SCM = Chin LEFT side

255
Q

General term for muscle degeneration

A

Muscular dystrophy

256
Q

It is the most common muscular dystrophy. It is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration

A

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

257
Q

Abnormal, random, spontaneous muscle contractions

A

Fibrillation

258
Q

Pacemaker of heart

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

259
Q

SA node is seen in the

A

Crista terminalis which is located in the SUPERIOR portion of RIGHT ATRIUM

260
Q

Tx for fibrillation: administering a controlled electrical shock to restore nrmal rhythym

A

Defibrillation

261
Q

Stop in effective blood flow due to FAILURE OF HEART TO CONTRACT effectively

A

Cardiac arrest

262
Q

An example of cardiac arrest aka “flat line”

A

Asystole

263
Q

Management for Asystole or flat line

A

CPR

264
Q

Ration of compressions: breaths in CPR

A

30 compressions : 2 breaths

265
Q

Compression rate

A

100 compressions per minute

DBE Reviewer (22 decks)

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