4. Connective Tissue Cells Flashcards
Largest WBC
Monocyte
Combination of monocytes that is important in phagocytosis
Macrophages
Fixed macrophage located in the sinusoids of the LIVER
Kupffer cells (star-shaped)
Macrophage in the KIDNEY
Mesangial
Macrophage in the BRAIN
Microglia
Macrophage in the LUNGS
Dust cells/Heart-failure cells/Alveolar macrophages
Macrophage in the Lymph nodes and tooth
Histiocytes
Macrophage in the BONE
Osteoclast
Macrophage in the EPIDERMIS
Langerhans cells
Layer of epidermis where langerhans cells are located
Stratum spinosum
Macrophages in TUBERCULOSIS
Epitheloid cells and LANGHANS (fused epitheloid cells) cells
Causative agent of Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tb of lymph nodes/neck
Scrofula
Tb of skin
Lupus vulgaris
Tb of bone
Potts disease
Macrophage in the PLACENTA
Hofbauer cells
Macrophage in parts of body exposed to the external surface like skin, stomach..
Dendritic cells
Movement of WBC towards a chemotactic agent
Chemotaxis
Shape of adipocytes
Signet ring
What is stored in adipocytes
1 glycogen and fatty acid
In adipocytes, breakdown of fatty acids = ____ and ____
ATP and Ketone bodies
Ketone bodies are seen in ____ and ____
Lungs
Kidney (urine)
It has NO direct supply of nervess and blood vessels
Cartilage
Type of bone growth during GROWTH SPURT
Interstitial
Bone growth that is continuous throughout life or adulthood
Appositional
Growth WITHIN the tissue
Interstitial
Growth on EXTERNAL surface
Appositional
Pituitary gland releases Growth Hormone which stimulates cartilage cells to multiply resulting to LENGTHENING
Interstitial bone growth
Mnemonic: “ILAW”
Interstitial - Lengthening
Appositional - Widening
Widening of bones
Appositional bone growth
Mnemonic: “ILAW”
Type of bone growth that happens in BOTH IMMATURE and MATURE bone
Appositional
At what age does the epiphyseal plate closes in MALE
18 y/o
At what age does the epiphyseal plate closes in FEMALES
1 year after menarche or first menstruation
Type of bone growth that happens in IMMATURE bones
Both Interstitial and Appositional
Type of bone growth that happens in MATURE bones
Appositional
Part of immature bone located between the Epiphysis and Diaphysis which is composed mainly of Hyaline cartilage
Epiphysial plate
Closed Epiphysial plate of mature bones is called
Metaphysis
Types of Cartilages (cHEF)
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Most numerous type of cartilage but the weakest
Hyaline
Cartilage found in nose, ribs, joints, trachea
Hyaline
Type of cartilage found in Pinna, Epiglottis and Eustachian tube (“PEE”)
Elastic cartilage
Strongest cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Connects nasopharynx to middle ear
Eustachian tube
It closes the larynx during swallowing
Epiglottis
Most complex joint
Knee joint
3 parts of the OUTER ear (“PET”)
Pinna (auricle)
External Acoustic meatus
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
What are found in the middle ear
Auditory ossicles
Eustachian tube
Auditory ossicles and other names (“MIS:HAS”)
Malleus (Hammer)
Incus (Anvil)
Stapes (Stirrup)
It is a snail shape that is found in the inner ear
Cochlea
These are canals found in the inner ear that has fluid for balancing
Semicircular canals
Cartilage found in meniscus of knee joint and TMJ
Fibrocartilage
Most torned ligament in athletes
ACL / Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Cartilage found in symphysial joints (midline)
Fibrocartilage
Symphysial joint in the MANDIBLE
Symphysis menti
Symphysial joint in the hips
Symphysial pubis
Symphysial joint located between manubrium and body
Sternum
Sternal angle between body and manubrium where trachea separates into left and right bronchi
Angle of Louis
Part of trachea in level with sternal angle
Carina of trachea
Largest foramen in the body, seen in the Hip bone.
Obturator foramen
Largest foramen in the head and neck only
Foramen magnum
Total number of vertebra in adults
26
Total number of vertebra in children
33
Strongest type of bone
Compact bone
Type of bone made up of Haversian system or Osteon
Compact bone
Functional unit of Compact or dense bone
Osteon
Bone matrix (fluid) by osteoblast
Osteoid
Opening of maxillary sinus
Osteum
Other name for spongy bone
Cancellous/Trabecular bone
55% of blood
Plasma
45% of blood
Formed elements (blood cells - WBC, RBC, Platelets)
Plasma is 95% ____
Water
WBC is aka
Leukocytes
⬆️ Leukocytes = ____
Leukocytosis
⬇️ Leukocytes = _____
Leukocytopenia
Leukocytosis is common during what infection
Acute bacterial infection
WBC without granules
Agranulocytes
What are the Granulocytes
“BEN G”
Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Least numerous WBC
Basophil
WBC for parasitic, viruses, allergies
Eosinophil
“EWWsinophil sa parasites, aEllergies”
WBC in Elephantiasis
Eosinophil (parasitic)
Other names for Neutrophils
Stab cells / Polymorphonuclear cells
Most numerous WBC
Neutrophils
First line of defense of WBC
Neutrophils
Dead neutrophils
Pus
Granules of neutrophils to fight bacteria
Azurophilic granules
4 cells that releases histamine
“BEMP”
Basophil
Eosinophil
Mast cells
Platelets
Most important WBC that releases histamine during inflammation
Mast cells
Largest leukocyte that has single kidney-shaped nucleus
Monocyte
Lymphocyte that matures in bone marrow
B lymphocyte
Matures in Thymus
T lymphocyte
T helper cell
CD4
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
CD8
Special type of CD8 that induced apoptosis to tumor cells
NK cells / Natural Killer cells
Cells assoc with Bursa
B-cell
⬆️ Lymphocytes
Lymphocytosis
Lymphocytosis is seen during (2) infections
Acute viral infection
Chronic bacterial infection
⬇️ Lymphocytes
Lymphocytopenia
Bone marrow for blood production
Red bone marrow
Bone marrow for fat storage
Yellow bone marrow
Normal WBC count
4,000 - 11,000 cells/microLiter
ave: 10,000 cells/mL
⬆️ RBC
Polycythemia vera
⬇️ RBC
Anemia
Universal blood donor
O-
Universal blood recipient
AB+
Most common blood type
O+
Most numerous cells in the body
RBC (erythrocytes)
Nucleus of mature RBC
No nucleus
Immature RBC
Reticulocytes
RBC count of FEMALES
4-5 million/uL
RBC count of MALES
5-6 million/uL
Life span of RBC
120
Life span of platelets
10 days
How many days for RBC to mature
7 days
“HbA1c”
Glycated hemoglobin
Most important element for blood production
Iron
Iron is absorbed in the ____
Duodenum of Small Intestine
“I-Do”
⬇️ iron; most common type of anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
2 platelet tests
CBC
Torniquet test
Seen in torniquet test that indicates thrombocytopenia
Petechiae
⬆️ Platelets or thrombocytes
Thrombocytosis
Determines the fragility of capillaries
Platelets
Normal platelet count
150,000 - 450,000 cells/uL
⬇️ Thrombocytes / Platelets
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is seen in what disease
Dengue
Cells that produces antibodies or immunoglobulins that has a clockface or cartwheel nucleus
Plasma cells
Vector or carrier of dengue virus
Aedes aegypti (mosquito)
Cell organelle with cartwheel pattern
Centrioles
Plasma cells are derived from
B cells
Serves as markers for foreign bodies that causes diseas
Antibodies / immunoglobulin (ig)
Antibody that is capable to cross the placenta. Passed from mother to fetus
IgG
Most numerous Ig
IgG
Ig seen in periodontitis
IgG
Ig seen in body FLUIDS and GIT
IgA
1st line of defense of immunoglobulins
IgM(auuna)
Ig active during allergic reactions, parasitic infection
IgE
Ig with unknown function, becomes igG that’s why it’s the most numerous Ig
IgD
Ig seen in saliva, tears, stomach acid
IgA
After vaccination, which Ig arrive first
IgM
Connective tissue cells that secretes fibers
Fibroblasts
Prime function of lymphatic system
Reabsorb fluid that is not reabsorbed by the veins
Fluid in the lymphatic system
Lymph
Smallest blood vessels in the body
Capillaries
Exchange system for arteries and veins
Capillaries
Blood flows away from the heart
Arteries
Blood flows towards the heart
Veins
vessel that carries oxygenated blood
Arteries
vessel that carries deoxygenated blood
Veins
Largest artery
Aorta
Largest vein
Vena cava
Pressure that pushes blood OUT of capillaries (fluid out)
Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure - fluid inside the blood and is determined by the Albumin
Osmotic pressure
Most numerous protein in the blood
Albumin
Most numerous protein in the BODY
Collagen
Decreased albumin; fluid not reabsorbed fully resulting to accumulation of fluid called
Edema
Terminals or checkpoints of the lymphatics that are full of lymphocytes
Lymph nodes
Graveyard of RBCs
Spleen
Largest lymphoid organ
Spleen
One sign/test to know if a bacteria circulates in the body
Swollen lymph nodes
2 functions of lymphatics
Reabsorb fluid for immunity
Primary lymphatic organs
Bone marrow
Thymus
Secondary lymphatic organs
Spleen
Tonsils
Lymph nodes
Appendix
Lymphatic ducts drains at the junction of what veins
Internal jugular vein
Subclavian vein
Largest lymphatic duct
Left lymphatic duct
Other name of Left lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
Left lymphatic duct drains how many parts of the body
3/4 of the body
upper left, lower left, lower right
Lymphatic duct that drains upper right corner of the body (1/4)
Right lymphatic duct
Dilated sac at the lower end of thoracic duct that drains lymph from intestinal and lumbar area
Cisterna chyli
Right lymphatic duct that drains how many parts of the body
1/4 of the body
Upper right
