4. Connective Tissue Cells Flashcards
1
Q
Largest WBC
A
Monocyte
2
Q
Combination of monocytes that is important in phagocytosis
A
Macrophages
3
Q
Fixed macrophage located in the sinusoids of the LIVER
A
Kupffer cells (star-shaped)
4
Q
Macrophage in the KIDNEY
A
Mesangial
5
Q
Macrophage in the BRAIN
A
Microglia
6
Q
Macrophage in the LUNGS
A
Dust cells/Heart-failure cells/Alveolar macrophages
7
Q
Macrophage in the Lymph nodes and tooth
A
Histiocytes
8
Q
Macrophage in the BONE
A
Osteoclast
9
Q
Macrophage in the EPIDERMIS
A
Langerhans cells
10
Q
Layer of epidermis where langerhans cells are located
A
Stratum spinosum
11
Q
Macrophages in TUBERCULOSIS
A
Epitheloid cells and LANGHANS (fused epitheloid cells) cells
12
Q
Causative agent of Tuberculosis
A
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
13
Q
Tb of lymph nodes/neck
A
Scrofula
14
Q
Tb of skin
A
Lupus vulgaris
15
Q
Tb of bone
A
Potts disease
16
Q
Macrophage in the PLACENTA
A
Hofbauer cells
17
Q
Macrophage in parts of body exposed to the external surface like skin, stomach..
A
Dendritic cells
18
Q
Movement of WBC towards a chemotactic agent
A
Chemotaxis
19
Q
Shape of adipocytes
A
Signet ring
20
Q
What is stored in adipocytes
A
1 glycogen and fatty acid
21
Q
In adipocytes, breakdown of fatty acids = ____ and ____
A
ATP and Ketone bodies
22
Q
Ketone bodies are seen in ____ and ____
A
Lungs
Kidney (urine)
23
Q
It has NO direct supply of nervess and blood vessels
A
Cartilage
24
Q
Type of bone growth during GROWTH SPURT
A
Interstitial
25
Bone growth that is continuous throughout life or adulthood
Appositional
26
Growth WITHIN the tissue
Interstitial
27
Growth on EXTERNAL surface
Appositional
28
Pituitary gland releases Growth Hormone which stimulates cartilage cells to multiply resulting to LENGTHENING
Interstitial bone growth
Mnemonic: "ILAW"
Interstitial - Lengthening
Appositional - Widening
29
Widening of bones
Appositional bone growth
Mnemonic: "ILAW"
30
Type of bone growth that happens in BOTH IMMATURE and MATURE bone
Appositional
31
At what age does the epiphyseal plate closes in MALE
18 y/o
32
At what age does the epiphyseal plate closes in FEMALES
1 year after menarche or first menstruation
33
Type of bone growth that happens in IMMATURE bones
Both Interstitial and Appositional
34
Type of bone growth that happens in MATURE bones
Appositional
35
Part of immature bone located between the Epiphysis and Diaphysis which is composed mainly of Hyaline cartilage
Epiphysial plate
36
Closed Epiphysial plate of mature bones is called
Metaphysis
37
Types of Cartilages (cHEF)
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
38
Most numerous type of cartilage but the weakest
Hyaline
39
Cartilage found in nose, ribs, joints, trachea
Hyaline
40
Type of cartilage found in Pinna, Epiglottis and Eustachian tube ("PEE")
Elastic cartilage
41
Strongest cartilage
Fibrocartilage
42
Connects nasopharynx to middle ear
Eustachian tube
43
It closes the larynx during swallowing
Epiglottis
44
Most complex joint
Knee joint
45
3 parts of the OUTER ear ("PET")
Pinna (auricle)
External Acoustic meatus
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
46
What are found in the middle ear
Auditory ossicles
| Eustachian tube
47
Auditory ossicles and other names ("MIS:HAS")
Malleus (Hammer)
Incus (Anvil)
Stapes (Stirrup)
48
It is a snail shape that is found in the inner ear
Cochlea
49
These are canals found in the inner ear that has fluid for balancing
Semicircular canals
50
Cartilage found in meniscus of knee joint and TMJ
Fibrocartilage
51
Most torned ligament in athletes
ACL / Anterior Cruciate Ligament
52
Cartilage found in symphysial joints (midline)
Fibrocartilage
53
Symphysial joint in the MANDIBLE
Symphysis menti
54
Symphysial joint in the hips
Symphysial pubis
55
Symphysial joint located between manubrium and body
Sternum
56
Sternal angle between body and manubrium where trachea separates into left and right bronchi
Angle of Louis
57
Part of trachea in level with sternal angle
Carina of trachea
58
Largest foramen in the body, seen in the Hip bone.
Obturator foramen
59
Largest foramen in the head and neck only
Foramen magnum
60
Total number of vertebra in adults
26
61
Total number of vertebra in children
33
62
Strongest type of bone
Compact bone
63
Type of bone made up of Haversian system or Osteon
Compact bone
64
Functional unit of Compact or dense bone
Osteon
65
Bone matrix (fluid) by osteoblast
Osteoid
66
Opening of maxillary sinus
Osteum
67
Other name for spongy bone
Cancellous/Trabecular bone
68
55% of blood
Plasma
69
45% of blood
Formed elements (blood cells - WBC, RBC, Platelets)
70
Plasma is 95% ____
Water
71
WBC is aka
Leukocytes
72
⬆️ Leukocytes = ____
Leukocytosis
73
⬇️ Leukocytes = _____
Leukocytopenia
74
Leukocytosis is common during what infection
Acute bacterial infection
75
WBC without granules
Agranulocytes
76
What are the Granulocytes
"BEN G"
Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
77
Least numerous WBC
Basophil
78
WBC for parasitic, viruses, allergies
Eosinophil
"EWWsinophil sa parasites, aEllergies"
79
WBC in Elephantiasis
Eosinophil (parasitic)
80
Other names for Neutrophils
Stab cells / Polymorphonuclear cells
81
Most numerous WBC
Neutrophils
82
First line of defense of WBC
Neutrophils
83
Dead neutrophils
Pus
84
Granules of neutrophils to fight bacteria
Azurophilic granules
85
4 cells that releases histamine
"BEMP"
Basophil
Eosinophil
Mast cells
Platelets
86
Most important WBC that releases histamine during inflammation
Mast cells
87
Largest leukocyte that has single kidney-shaped nucleus
Monocyte
88
Lymphocyte that matures in bone marrow
B lymphocyte
89
Matures in Thymus
T lymphocyte
90
T helper cell
CD4
91
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
CD8
92
Special type of CD8 that induced apoptosis to tumor cells
NK cells / Natural Killer cells
93
Cells assoc with Bursa
B-cell
94
⬆️ Lymphocytes
Lymphocytosis
95
Lymphocytosis is seen during (2) infections
Acute viral infection
| Chronic bacterial infection
96
⬇️ Lymphocytes
Lymphocytopenia
97
Bone marrow for blood production
Red bone marrow
98
Bone marrow for fat storage
Yellow bone marrow
99
Normal WBC count
4,000 - 11,000 cells/microLiter
ave: 10,000 cells/mL
100
⬆️ RBC
Polycythemia vera
101
⬇️ RBC
Anemia
102
Universal blood donor
O-
103
Universal blood recipient
AB+
104
Most common blood type
O+
105
Most numerous cells in the body
RBC (erythrocytes)
106
Nucleus of mature RBC
No nucleus
107
Immature RBC
Reticulocytes
108
RBC count of FEMALES
4-5 million/uL
109
RBC count of MALES
5-6 million/uL
110
Life span of RBC
120
111
Life span of platelets
10 days
112
How many days for RBC to mature
7 days
113
"HbA1c"
Glycated hemoglobin
114
Most important element for blood production
Iron
115
Iron is absorbed in the ____
Duodenum of Small Intestine
"I-Do"
116
⬇️ iron; most common type of anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
117
2 platelet tests
CBC
| Torniquet test
118
Seen in torniquet test that indicates thrombocytopenia
Petechiae
119
⬆️ Platelets or thrombocytes
Thrombocytosis
120
Determines the fragility of capillaries
Platelets
121
Normal platelet count
150,000 - 450,000 cells/uL
122
⬇️ Thrombocytes / Platelets
Thrombocytopenia
123
Thrombocytopenia is seen in what disease
Dengue
124
Cells that produces antibodies or immunoglobulins that has a clockface or cartwheel nucleus
Plasma cells
125
Vector or carrier of dengue virus
Aedes aegypti (mosquito)
126
Cell organelle with cartwheel pattern
Centrioles
127
Plasma cells are derived from
B cells
128
Serves as markers for foreign bodies that causes diseas
Antibodies / immunoglobulin (ig)
129
Antibody that is capable to cross the placenta. Passed from mother to fetus
IgG
130
Most numerous Ig
IgG
131
Ig seen in periodontitis
IgG
132
Ig seen in body FLUIDS and GIT
IgA
133
1st line of defense of immunoglobulins
IgM(auuna)
134
Ig active during allergic reactions, parasitic infection
IgE
135
Ig with unknown function, becomes igG that's why it's the most numerous Ig
IgD
136
Ig seen in saliva, tears, stomach acid
IgA
137
After vaccination, which Ig arrive first
IgM
138
Connective tissue cells that secretes fibers
Fibroblasts
139
Prime function of lymphatic system
Reabsorb fluid that is not reabsorbed by the veins
140
Fluid in the lymphatic system
Lymph
141
Smallest blood vessels in the body
Capillaries
142
Exchange system for arteries and veins
Capillaries
143
Blood flows away from the heart
Arteries
144
Blood flows towards the heart
Veins
145
vessel that carries oxygenated blood
Arteries
146
vessel that carries deoxygenated blood
Veins
147
Largest artery
Aorta
148
Largest vein
Vena cava
149
Pressure that pushes blood OUT of capillaries (fluid out)
Hydrostatic pressure
150
Pressure - fluid inside the blood and is determined by the Albumin
Osmotic pressure
151
Most numerous protein in the blood
Albumin
152
Most numerous protein in the BODY
Collagen
153
Decreased albumin; fluid not reabsorbed fully resulting to accumulation of fluid called
Edema
154
Terminals or checkpoints of the lymphatics that are full of lymphocytes
Lymph nodes
155
Graveyard of RBCs
Spleen
156
Largest lymphoid organ
Spleen
157
One sign/test to know if a bacteria circulates in the body
Swollen lymph nodes
158
2 functions of lymphatics
Reabsorb fluid for immunity
159
Primary lymphatic organs
Bone marrow
| Thymus
160
Secondary lymphatic organs
Spleen
Tonsils
Lymph nodes
Appendix
161
Lymphatic ducts drains at the junction of what veins
Internal jugular vein
| Subclavian vein
162
Largest lymphatic duct
Left lymphatic duct
163
Other name of Left lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
164
Left lymphatic duct drains how many parts of the body
3/4 of the body
| upper left, lower left, lower right
165
Lymphatic duct that drains upper right corner of the body (1/4)
Right lymphatic duct
166
Dilated sac at the lower end of thoracic duct that drains lymph from intestinal and lumbar area
Cisterna chyli
167
Right lymphatic duct that drains how many parts of the body
1/4 of the body
| Upper right
