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US History 1 > Religion and Reform > Flashcards

Religion and Reform Flashcards

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1
Q

Temperance

A

Organized campaign to eliminate alcoholic consumption

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2
Q

Abstinence

A

To refrain from doing something (drinking)

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3
Q

Temperance reformers valued a person’s _______ and ________.

A

Self control and discipline

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4
Q

Women saw drinking as what?

A

A threat to family life

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5
Q

The temperance movement led to the creation of _______ and ________.

A

Alcohol free hotels and boats

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6
Q

People joined temperance societies and did what?

A

Took pledges of abstinence

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7
Q

Name the main group of temperance societies and how many members there were.

A

The American Temperance Societies had 7000 members.

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8
Q

One state even banned the manufacture and sale of alcohol: which state and when?

A

Maine in 1851

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9
Q

In what years did alcoholic consumption drop drastically?

A

1830s to 1860s

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10
Q

In the 1820s, which classes demanded tax supported public schools?

A

Working and middle

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11
Q

Why did schools need reform?

A

School buildings were old, a classroom taught grades k-8, books were scarce, and teaching was inadequate

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12
Q

What MA government position was created as part of education reform and when?

A

First Secretary of the Board of Education in 1837

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13
Q

Horace Mann supported reforms in what?

A

Education

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14
Q

Horace Mann supported ____ to _____ public education

A

Taxes

Fund

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15
Q

What reforms did Horace Mann’s work lead to?

A

Schools were divided into grade levels, established consistent curricula, and teacher training

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16
Q

By the _____ most northern states had free public elementary schools

A

1850s

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17
Q

What was the nation’s first public high school and when was it established?

A

Boston Latin in 1821

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18
Q

What were McGuffey’s Readers?

A

Horace Mann supported the use of these textbooks that promoted Evangelical Protestant moral values because he wanted to teach good citizenship. It taught students to read and promoted honesty and obedience.

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19
Q

Where and for who were public schools?

A

Northern urban areas. Girls were discouraged from attending, and free Africans were excluded, but some attended segregated schools.

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20
Q

Dorothea Dix was a _____ reformer

A

Prison

21
Q

Before she was a reformer, Dix was a what?

A

Former Boston school teacher

22
Q

Dix visited a MA jail in ____

A

1841

23
Q

Dix reported her findings from # years of prison visits to the _______.

A

2

MA legislature

24
Q

What were the prisons like when Dix visited?

A

The mentally ill were filthy, malnourished, and chained together in very dirty cells.

25
Q

How did MA improve prison conditions?

A

Created separate institutions for the mentally ill

26
Q

How many states followed MA’s lead and reformed their prisons?

A

15

27
Q

What are utopian societies?

A

Small societies dedicated to perfect social and political conditions

28
Q

Describe New Harmony

A

Indiana
The Boatload of Knowledge
1825-1829
Created by Scottish industrialist and reformer Robert Owen
People shared property and lived in harmony
Established so members could pursue scientific studies without the stresses and obstacles of modern capitalist society
Failed due to laziness

29
Q

Brook Farm

A

Near Boston, West Roxbury
The Transcendentalists
1841-1846
Secular
Attracted top intellectuals (Nathaniel Hawthorne)
Members farmed together to give more time for lit and sci interest that would benefit society

30
Q

The Shakers

A 
The Simple Life
1745 to modern day
Numerous settlements across the US
Now in Maine
Important settlement in New Lebanon, NY in 1787
Religious settlement
Community supported by furniture sales
Productive labor, moral perfection, equality and separation of the sexes
31
Q

Oneida

A

The complex marriage
Upstate NY
1848-1881
Everyone married to each other in a complex marriage
Community decided when to have children and cared for them after the first few years

32
Q

Fruit lands

A

The Farm without farmers
Harvard, MA
1843-1844 (7 months)
Self sufficient farming
Strict rules: no meat, no animal labor, no drinks other than water, complete celibacy
Charles Lane and Bronson Alcott- founders not farmers

33
Q

Which Beechers started what school?

A

Catherine and Mary

Hartford Female Seminary

34
Q

Catherine Beecher was…

A

A teacher who believed in women’s education and that women could reform from within the home
The mother forms the character of the future man

35
Q

What book did Catherine Beecher write?

A

Treatise on Domestic Economy

Offered practical advice and household tips

36
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

Abolition was the prime means of women entering politics

She opened the eyes of Northerners in her abolitionist novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin

37
Q

Lucretia Mott

A

In 1840, she and all other women attending were prohibited from participating in the first World Antislavery Convention in London
Teacher, Quaker minister, abolitionist
Organized Seneca Falls convention with Stanton

38
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A

Daughter of a congressman, wife of an abolitionist lawyer
Organized SF convention with Mott
Wrote Declaration of Sentiments

39
Q

What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

A

First rights convention for women

1848 Seneca Falls, NY

40
Q

The Declaration of Sentiments

A 
Set of resolutions by Stanton
12 resolutions passed, signed by 68 women and 32 men
#9 suffrage was the most controversial
41
Q

Women’s thoughts on equality

A

Not all women agreed, some still believed that women belonged at home

42
Q

Religious revival movement

A

Reform rooted in faith

Promoted that God allowed people to make their own destinies

43
Q

Charles Grandison Finney

A

Religious revival leader
1821: had a conversion experience and became a Presbyterian minister
Sparked revivals in upstate NY, the burned over district
Emphasized individuals’ power to reform themselves

44
Q

Lyman Beecher

A

From NE, sought to evangelize west US
Attended Yale
Popular preacher in Boston
1832: President of Lane Theological Seminary (CT)
Taught that good people make a good country

45
Q

Ralph Waldo Emerson

A

Boston leader, lecturer, writer, Unitarian pastor
Resigned to Concord after wife’s death
Gathered his lectures into 2 volumes called “Essays”
Supported reform causes

46
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A

Wrote “Walden, or Life in the Woods” about the 2 year solitary stay at Walden Pond 1845
18 essays describing simple living experiment
Spoke tragedy in life , failure in early teaching job
1846: jailed for not paying taxes, described in essay “Civil Disobedience”

47
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

German Philosopher who published his Critique of Pure Reason in 1841. He believed that reason needed to be balanced with emotion.

48
Q

Timothy Dwight

A

President of Yale 1795
Countered secular thinking in Yale and NE with revivals. Started the Second Great Awakening: accepting Christ’s sacrifice=salvation

US History 1 (16 decks)

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